fulltext - DiVA

J. alpinus Vill. var. Marshallii (P ugsl.) Lindq. in Scotland 123the rank of varieties (LINDQUIST l. c.). In addition to var. Marshallii, the varietiesrariflorus O. J. Hn, alpestris (0. J. Hn) C. Hn and fuscoater (Celak.) Buch. wereconsidered. These are easily distinguished, above all by their capsule and i:o.­florescense characters. For further information about these varieties the reader isreferred to my earller studies (LINDQUIST l. c.).The regional distribution of these varieties, which I have had the opportunityof studying more closely during the last few years, gives important informationon the race differentiation within the species. The most frequent variety is rariflorus(cf. LINDQUIST l. c., p. 332 ff., 354), which is distributed in a wide belt overN orth and East Europe, right across Siberia to Kamchatka. It does not occurat the Bering Straits nor on the Aleutian Islands (HULTEN 1937), but appearsagain in the South and East of Alaska as weil as in southern and central Canadaand in the northern states of U. S. Å. It is said to occur in Greenland (accordingto B öcHER 1938) and it is to be found occasionally in leeland and Scotland. Itis boreal and circumpolar. In Seandinavia it is concentrated in the South andEast in el u ding southern and central Sweden, southern N orway and the SwedishBothnian coast, bu t i t also occurs in western and northern N orway and neighbouringparts of Sweden, where its distribution earresponds with the occurrence of certainboreal glacial relics. Further, we find it in Denmark, whither it may have migratedfrom Sweden rather recently (WIINSTEDT 1936).The variety alpestris (cf. LINDQUIST l. c., p. 342 ff., 355) is an arctic-circumpolarand alpine type with its main distribution in Seandinavia and leeland withadditional occurrence on the Kola peninsula, at the lower course of the Yenisei,in eastern Kamchatka, in Alaska, at the coast of Labrador and in New Faundlandas weil as in Greenland. In addition, it occurs on the higher levels - betweenl 500 and 3 000 meter - in the Alps, Pyrenees, Sierra Nevada, and in the mountainsof Atlas, Corsica and Transylvania. Its Scandinavian distribution area containsconcentrations within the central N orwegian mountain district as weil asabove the polar circle, where i t is present both on the Swedish and on the N orwegianside, with pronounced localisation in the centres of glacial relics. Where the distributionareas for var. rariflorus and var. alpestris coincide, the variations in thedistinctive characters are often very great, wbich may create difficulties in thedetermination.The variety Marshaliii (cf. LINDQUIST l. c., p. 339 ff., 355) has a samewhatmore limited distribution judging from the available herbarium material. Eveninside its own distribution area it is locally rarer than the others. It is found innumerous Scandinavian and leelandie localities as weil as in some localities insouthern Alaska and in the two Scottish habitats already mentioned. It is connectedwith the same type of circumpolar glacial relics as the var. alpestris.The variety fuscoater (cf. LINDQUIST l. c., p. 330 ff., 353) has developed withinthe European part of the J. alpinus -population south of the ice horder, probablyin s ou theastern Europe. N owadays i t is confin ed to central and eastern Europe,goes westwards into France and Spain, southwards into Italy, continues eastwards