Onsite Use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials and Geocells to ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3.6.2 Strain Gauges Figure 3.7 Earth pressure cells on the top of the subgrade Strain gauges were used to measure the strains that developed at different locations of the geocell and at the bottom of the HMA surface during dynamic loading. The strain gauges used in this research were C2A-series general purpose strain gauges, which were manufactured by the Micro-Measurements, Vishay Precision Group, USA. The strain gauges had a grid resistance of 120 0.6 in ohms, a gauge factor at 24 C of 2.1 0.5 , and a grid length and idth of 6.35 and 3.18 mm, respectively. The strain gauges were rated for a maximum temperature of 82 C. Prior to the placement of strain gauges on the geocell, the surface of the geocell wall at which the strain gauge was fixed was smoothed by sand paper and cleaned with isopropyl alcohol. A strain gauge was then attached to the smoothed surface by N-1 (VH10L) coating material manufactured by Tokyo Sokki Kenkyujo, Co., Ltd., Japan. Six strain gauges were attached on three pockets of the geocell: three on the central pocket just under the loading plate (at the top, middle, and bottom of the wall), two at the top and middle of the wall next to the 32
central pocket, and one at the top of the wall next to the second pocket. Strain gauges at the top and bottom were placed horizontally, and strain gauges at middle were placed vertically. All geocell pockets with strain gauges were oriented in the line identical to the width of the test box at the distances of 0, 25, and 50 cm from the center. Figure 3.8 shows a picture of strain gauges affixed on the geocell at different locations. The same C2A series strain gauges were used to measure the strains developed at the bottom of the HMA surface during cyclic loading. For easy installation, a rectangular shape aluminum plate measuring 80 mm long × 7 mm wide × 1.0 mm thick was smoothed by sand paper and cleaned with isopropyl alcohol. A strain gauge was attached to the aluminum plate and M-Coat C was applied to cover the strain gauge. The coating was cured for 24 hours for hardening. After 24 hours, 3145 RTV silicon rubber coating was applied and allowed to cure for another 24 hours before the aluminum plate with the strain gauge was placed at the bottom of the HMA surface. The aluminum plate with the strain gauge is referred as the pavement strain gauge in this report. The main purpose of applying M-Coat C and 3145 RTV silicon rubber coating was to protect the strain gauge and its wire from high temperature (approximately 135 o C) in HMA. A typical strain gauge without any protection can survive up to a maximum temperature of about 82 o C. Figure 3.9 (below) shows a picture of prepared pavement strain gauges. 33
Page 1 and 2: Report # MATC-KU: 462 Final Report
Page 3 and 4: Technical Report Documentation Page
Page 5 and 6: 4.3.4 15 cm Thick Geocell-Reinforce
Page 7 and 8: Figure 4.11 Profiles of the HMA sur
Page 9 and 10: Figure 4.48 The permanent deformati
Page 11 and 12: List of Tables Table 2.1 Percentage
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgements This research was
Page 15 and 16: Abstract Asphalt pavements deterior
Page 17 and 18: 1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 19 and 20: On-site use of RAP materials has re
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Literature Review Recycle
Page 23 and 24: Protection. Geosynthetics are somet
Page 25 and 26: wet weather conditions. Webster and
Page 27 and 28: subgrade can be improved in terms o
Page 29 and 30: annually in the early 1990s (FHWA-H
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.2 Usage and potential of v
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.1 Percentage of use of RAP
Page 35 and 36: Type of Property Physical Propertie
Page 37 and 38: permeability values. The addition o
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3 Material Properties and E
Page 41 and 42: Table 3.1 Properties of the RAP bas
Page 43 and 44: 3.3 Asphalt Concrete Figure 3.4 Sta
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.2 Basic Properties of NPA g
Page 47: Earth pressure cells were installed
Page 51 and 52: plate on one end was buried at the
Page 53 and 54: loading plate to simulate the rubbe
Page 55 and 56: 3.6.7 Dynamic Cone Penetration Test
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.15 Light weight deflectome
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 4 Experimental Data Analysi
Page 61 and 62: The quantity of RAP placed in each
Page 63 and 64: Geocell infilled with RAP Geocell i
Page 65 and 66: Figure 4.4 Prime coat on the RAP ba
Page 67 and 68: 4.2 Cyclic Plate Load Tests Figure
Page 69 and 70: dynamic deformation moduli from LWD
Page 71 and 72: Depth (cm.) 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 2
Page 73 and 74: Depth (cm.) 10 14 18 22 26 Before t
Page 75 and 76: surface at the center was under ten
Page 79 and 80: Depth (cm.) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 5
Page 81 and 82: The permanent deformation was obtai
Page 83 and 84: Strain on geocell (%) Figure 4.23 T
Page 85 and 86: Stress distribution angle (°) 50 4
Page 87 and 88: Figure 4.28 The calculated dynamic
Page 89 and 90: Elastic deformation (mm.) 3 2.5 2 1
Page 91 and 92: Strain (%) 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -0.05 -0
Page 95 and 96: The profiles of the HMA surfaces as
Page 97 and 98: Figure 4.41 shows the measured maxi
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 4.43 The vertical stress at
Page 101 and 102:
Table 4.5 The average CBR values of
Page 103 and 104:
at the distances of 25 and 50 cm aw
Page 105 and 106:
Strain (%) 0.014 0.012 0.01 0.008 0
Page 107 and 108:
4.3.7 30 cm Thick Geocell-Reinforce
Page 109 and 110:
The profiles of the HMA surfaces as
Page 111 and 112:
Figures 4.58 and 4.59 show the meas
Page 113 and 114:
Strain (%) 0.04 0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04
Page 115 and 116:
4.4 Analysis of Test Data Six cycli
Page 117 and 118:
Table 4.7 Average CBR values of tes
Page 119 and 120:
The percentages of air void of the
Page 121 and 122:
Table 4.10 Number of loading cycles
Page 123 and 124:
Table 4.11 Elastic deformation and
Page 125 and 126:
HMA surface compression (mm.) Base
Page 127 and 128:
strain was higher for the geocell a
Page 129 and 130:
Vertical stress (kPa) 250 200 150 1
Page 131 and 132:
Stress distribution angle ( ̊) 80
Page 133 and 134:
6. The subgrade contributed to most
Page 135 and 136:
Berthelot, C., R. Haichert, D. Podb
Page 137:
Pokharel, S. K., J. Han, D. Leshchi
show all

Onsite Use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials and Geocells to ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?