Forensic Pathology for Police - Brainshare Public Online Library

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84 6 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology Table 6.1 (continued) Scientific name Common name or description Cytoplasm The contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic code Dermis Skin (cutaneous; cutis; epidermis; integument) Descending colon The fourth part of the large intestine Diaphragm Umbrella-shaped muscle that separates the chest organs above from the abdominal organs below; its up and down movement allows expiration and inspiration Diaphysis The central, long part of a long bone Diastole The part of the heartbeat in which the ventricles relax and fill with blood Digits Fingers Duodenum The first part of the small intestine Dura mater A tough membrane adjacent to the inner aspect of the skull Endocrine pancreas The portion of the pancreas involved in hormone production Eosinophil A type of white blood cell Epidermis Skin (cutis; cutaneous; dermis; integument) Epiglottis A flap of tissue that covers the opening to the larynx/air passages in order to allow food to enter the esophagus during swallowing Epiphysis The part of a long bone that separates the end (metaphysis) from the central long region (diaphysis) Epithelial Having to do with the epithelium Epithelium Cells that line a surface of something Erythrocyte Red blood cell Esophagogastric Where the esophagus and stomach connect (gastroesophageal) junction Esophagus The “food tube” connecting the throat to the stomach Ethmoid A skull bone Exocrine pancreas The portion of the pancreas involved in GI enzyme production Extremities Arms and legs Falx cerebri An extension of dura mater that separates right and left cerebral hemispheres Femur Thigh bone Fibula One of the two bones of the lower leg (other: tibia) Foramen magnum The “hole” in the basilar skull where the spinal cord traverses Frontal The front portion of the scalp, skull and brain Gallbladder Storage reservoir <strong>for</strong> bile; attached to lower part of liver Ganglion A group of neurons, usually located outside the CNS (Pl: ganglia) Gastric Having to do with the stomach Globe Eyeball (ocular; orbit) Gyrus A portion of cerebral cortex as viewed externally (Pl: gyri) H&E Hematoxylin and eosin; the usual stain used <strong>for</strong> histology slides Hemisphere One half of the brain Hepatic Havingtodowiththeliver Hepatocyte Liver cells Hilum The central portion of an organ, where vessels, etc. enter/exit Histiocyte A cell of the immune system derived from blood monocytes Histology The anatomy of tissue, as viewed with a light microscope Humerus Upper arm bone Hypothalamus A deep structure within the brain; connects to the pituitary gland
Introduction 85 Table 6.1 (continued) Scientific name Common name or description Ilium The third and final part of the small intestine IMA Inferior mesenteric artery; supplies blood to lower GI tract Inguinal region Groin Integument Skin (cutis; cutaneous; dermis; epidermis) Interatrial septum Separates right and left atria of heart Intercostals Muscles between the ribs Internal capsule A portion of deep white matter within the brain Interventricular Separates right and left ventricles of heart septum IVC Inferior vena cava; returns blood from lower body to heart Jejunum The second part of the small intestine Jugular vein A neck vein, carrying blood from brain toward heart Keratin The outer covering of the skin Keratinocyte The name used to describe skin epithelial cells (epidermis) LA Left atrium of heart LAD Left anterior descending coronary artery Large intestine Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum Larynx Voicebox LCA Left coronary artery LCx Left circumflex coronary artery Leukocyte White blood cell Ligament A structure that connects one bone to another bone Lipase An enzyme that breaks down fat; produced by pancreas Lymphatics Vessels that drain lymph from soft tissues back into blood vessels Lymphocyte A type of white blood cell; two types: B and T Lumbar The lower-most part of the spinal column and cord LV Left ventricle of heart Macrophage A type of inflammatory cell; arise from blood monocyte Mandible Jaw bone MCA Middle cerebral artery MCF Middle cranial fossa; the middle portion of the basilar skull Medulla (1) The inner portion of an organ; (2) the lowermost part of the brainstem Medullary Having to do with the medulla of an organ Melanin Skin pigment Melanocytes Specialized skin cells that produce melanin pigment Meninges Brain membranes or coverings (dura, arachnoid and pia mater) Metacarpals Hand bones Metatarsals Foot bones Midbrain The uppermost part of the brainstem Mitral valve A two-cusp heart valve separating the left atrium and ventricle Monocyte A type of white blood cell; gives rise to tissue macrophage Motor nerves Nerves that transmit signals away from the CNS Mucous membrane Certain internal epithelial surfaces Myocyte A muscle cell Myofilament The molecules that allow muscles to contract (actin and myosin) Myosin A myofilament; allows muscles to contract Nares Nostril (continued)
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Forensic Pathology for Police, Deat
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Joseph Prahlow Indiana University S
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vi Dedication accepted the free gif
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viii Foreword quality photographs i
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x Acknowledgements Counties, as wel
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Contents Part I Introductory Topics
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Contents xv Hepatobiliary System .
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Contents xvii RespiratorySystem....
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Contents xix Mercury ..............
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Contents xxi Strangulation . ......
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Contents xxiii Negligence/Neglect .
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About the Author Joseph A. Prahlow,
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathology
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Introduction to Pathology 5 Table 1
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Introduction to Pathology 7 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 9 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 11 Fig. 1
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Introduction to Pathology 13 Fig. 1
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Selected References 15 Disc Image L
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18 2 Introduction to Forensic Scien
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Page 61 and 62: Chapter 3 Introduction to Forensic
Page 63 and 64: Duties of the Forensic Pathologist
Page 69 and 70: Training and Qualifications of Fore
Page 71 and 72: Training and Qualifications of Fore
Page 73: Selected References 47 Selected Ref
Page 76 and 77: 50 4 Death Investigation Death Inve
Page 78 and 79: 52 4 Death Investigation met in ord
Page 80 and 81: 54 4 Death Investigation leading to
Page 82 and 83: 56 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.2 A
Page 84 and 85: 58 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.5 P
Page 86 and 87: 60 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.9 I
Page 88 and 89: 62 4 Death Investigation apartment
Page 90 and 91: 64 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.1 A
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Page 107 and 108: Chapter 6 Overview of Anatomy and P
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Page 113 and 114: Introduction 87 Table 6.1 (continue
Page 115 and 116: Introduction 89 Term Definition Tab
Page 117 and 118: Introduction 91 “mucous membranes
Page 119 and 120: Specific Organ Systems 93 functions
Page 121 and 122: Specific Organ Systems 95 Fig. 6.2
Page 123 and 124: Specific Organ Systems 97 Microscop
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Page 141 and 142: Specific Organ Systems 115 Platelet
Page 151 and 152: Disc Image Legends 125 Disc Image 6
Page 154 and 155: Part II General Topics in Forensic
Page 156 and 157: 130 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
Page 158 and 159: 132 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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134 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes and Ti
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Early Postmortem Changes 165 Fig. 8
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Early Postmortem Changes 167 can be
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Decomposition 169 exposed to sunlig
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Decomposition 171 Fig. 8.8 As decom
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Decomposition 173 Fig. 8.12 As deco
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Decomposition 175 Fig. 8.16 If flie
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Postmortem Injuries 177 Fig. 8.20 I
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Time of Death Estimation 179 Time o
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Time of Death Estimation 181 Fig. 8
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Disc Image Legends 183 Disc Image 8
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Chapter 9 Identification of Human R
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Introduction 187 Fig. 9.2 Badly dec
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Common, Non-scientific Methods of I
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Unidentified Remains 199 Fig. 9.16
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Selected References 201 Disc Image
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Chapter 10 Natural Deaths One man d
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Infectious Disease 207 to as “hyp
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Cardiovascular System 209 refers to
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Cardiovascular System 211 related t
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Cardiovascular System 213 heart int
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Cardiovascular System 215 Aortic An
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Cardiovascular System 217 Vasculiti
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Cardiovascular System 219 Valve Dis
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Cardiovascular System 221 Fig. 10.1
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Central Nervous System 223 Neoplast
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Central Nervous System 225 Viral en
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Central Nervous System 227 Spontane
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Respiratory System 229 Fig. 10.18 T
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Respiratory System 231 Pulmonary Th
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Respiratory System 233 identificati
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Respiratory System 235 Chronic Lung
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Reticuloendothelial and Immune Syst
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Endocrine System 243 infection, dis
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Multisystem and Other Disorders 245
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Selected References 255 Fineschi V,
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258 11 Drug-Related and Toxin-Relat
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Chapter 12 Blunt Force Injury Death
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Classification of Blunt Force Injur
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Blunt Force Head and Neck Trauma 31
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Special Topics Related to Blunt For
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Selected References 335 Toro K, Szl
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338 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths shotgun
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340 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Fig. 13
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346 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths targets
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348 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths (a) (b)
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350 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Image 1
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354 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Miscell
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362 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths may be
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368 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths X-Rays
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370 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths left-ha
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372 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths NYCLAD
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374 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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376 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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Chapter 14 Sharp Force Injury Death
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Stab Wounds 381 to describe the sha
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Stab Wounds 383 describing “clust
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Incised Wounds 385 Fig. 14.9 A supe
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Incised Wounds 387 Although knives
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Special Issues 389 Fig. 14.16 A sta
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Special Issues 391 Defensive Wounds
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Special Issues 393 disorders; howev
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Special Issues 395 area of “radio
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Special Issues 397 Artifacts A fina
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Selected References 399 Disc Image
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Chapter 15 Asphyxial Deaths So Juda
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Suffocation 403 Fig. 15.1 Petechiae
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Suffocation 405 Certification of th
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Suffocation 407 usual occluding sub
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Suffocation 409 being able to expan
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Neck Compression (Strangulation) 41
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Chemical Asphyxia 419 the object ha
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Chemical Asphyxia 421 Fig. 15.21 A
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Other Issues 423 to function proper
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Other Issues 425 (a) (b) Fig. 15.24
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Other Issues 427 the arms/hands bou
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Selected References 431 Prahlow JA,
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434 16 Drowning Physiology and Mech
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436 16 Drowning Fig. 16.2 Thedriver
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438 16 Drowning Fig. 16.4 “Cadave
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440 16 Drowning Finding water withi
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442 16 Drowning Fig. 16.10 Marked d
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444 16 Drowning Fig. 16.14 True ant
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446 16 Drowning Manner of Death A l
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448 16 Drowning Pachar JV, Cameron
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450 17 Electrical Deaths Fig. 17.1
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452 17 Electrical Deaths required f
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454 17 Electrical Deaths death (Fig
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466 17 Electrical Deaths Disc Image
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Chapter 18 Temperature-Related Deat
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Hypothermia 471 constrict, thus con
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Hypothermia 473 Fig. 18.3 Prominent
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Hyperthermia 475 Toxicology testing
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Hyperthermia 477 Fig. 18.8 A 24-yea
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Selected References 479 disease. In
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Chapter 19 Burns and Fire-Related D
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Introduction 483 Fig. 19.3 Example
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Burn Types 485 Fig. 19.5 A postmort
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Burn Types 487 Chemical Burns As me
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Fire Deaths 489 Fire burns represen
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Fire Deaths 491 Fig. 19.11 Dense so
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Fire Deaths 493 Fig. 19.13 Multiple
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Fire Deaths 495 a CO test or an ins
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Fire Deaths 497 Fig. 19.20 Atrue an
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Disc Image Legends 499 Disc Image L
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Chapter 20 Deaths in Infancy and Ch
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Birth-Related Infant Deaths 507 abr
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Infant Deaths 509 Fig. 20.3 A diaph
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Infant Deaths 511 Fig. 20.6 The pre
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Natural Death in Childhood 513 path
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Accidental Childhood Deaths 515 pon
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 517 occu
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 519 Fig.
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 521 in a
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Classification of Childhood Homicid
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Pediatric Autopsy Considerations 53
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Disc Image Legends 535 Disc Image L
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Selected References 537 Selected Re
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540 21 Miscellaneous Topics Aircraf
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542 21 Miscellaneous Topics CAMI to
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544 21 Miscellaneous Topics To summ
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546 21 Miscellaneous Topics typical
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548 21 Miscellaneous Topics quite o
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550 21 Miscellaneous Topics Fig. 21
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552 21 Miscellaneous Topics The emb
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554 21 Miscellaneous Topics various
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556 21 Miscellaneous Topics stress
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560 21 Miscellaneous Topics ampheta
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562 21 Miscellaneous Topics victim
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564 21 Miscellaneous Topics more se
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568 21 Miscellaneous Topics Organ a
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572 21 Miscellaneous Topics region
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574 21 Miscellaneous Topics Regardi
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576 21 Miscellaneous Topics and lar
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578 21 Miscellaneous Topics some wo
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580 21 Miscellaneous Topics Non-ion
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582 21 Miscellaneous Topics Yersini
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584 21 Miscellaneous Topics water (
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586 21 Miscellaneous Topics to gene
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588 21 Miscellaneous Topics Disc Im
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590 21 Miscellaneous Topics Leclair
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Appendix: Additional Resources and
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Index Note: The letters ‘f’ and
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Index 597 Arnold-Chiari malformatio
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Index 599 closed head injuries, 311
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Index 601 immediate, 68 intermediar
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Index 603 liver demonstrating cirrh
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Index 605 Death investigation syste
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Index 607 pressure related processe
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Index 609 bridging veins, 316 dura
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Index 611 brain, serially-sectioned
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Index 613 Gestational DM, 247 Gesta
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Index 615 Homicide(s), 444 by heart
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Index 617 Infant death, 501-502, 50
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Index 619 Material Safety Data Shee
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Index 621 CNS, 223-229 cerebral pal
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Index 623 Over-the-counter (OTC), 2
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Index 625 Pregnancy-related materna
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Index 627 industrial settings, 486
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Index 629 Smoke and soot inhalation
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Index 631 Thrombophlebitis, inflamm
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