Forensic Pathology for Police - Brainshare Public Online Library

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356 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Fig. 13.25 A suicidal contact high-velocity rifle wound of the chin, with a massive exit wound complex of the left side of the face Fig. 13.26 The characteristic “lead snowstorm” X-ray associated with a high-velocity projectile (typically hunting ammunition) fragments of bullet along the pathway of the bullet, described as a “lead snowstorm” appearance (Fig. 13.26). Shotgun Wounds As described above, there are two basic types of projectiles that can be fired from a shotgun: shot pellets and slugs. Some of the features of shotgun wounds are
Gunshot Wounds 357 similar to those described with low-velocity gunshot wounds, but there are many additional features that deserve attention. Contact wounds, particularly of the head, are extremely devastating, whether birdshot, buckshot, or slugs are used (Fig. 13.27 and Disc Image 13.45). Reapproximation of portions of the face and head may be necessary to identify the exact location of the entrance wound. Intraoral and contact wounds of the lower chin (“submental” region) frequently demonstrate stretch-type lacerations of the cheeks and face, resulting from the explosive gases that rapidly expand and tear the soft tissues (Disc Image 13.46). Contact wounds elsewhere on the body mimic those produced by handguns, with soot deposition but no marginal lacerations (Fig. 13.28). Muzzle imprint abrasions may also occur (Disc Image 13.47). In non-contact wounds, if the muzzle is close enough to the skin, gunpowder stippling and soot may surround the entrance site. With some buckshot loads, a white filler material (which looks like little Styrofoam balls) can also cause stipple marks (Disc Image 13.48). These are produced by the filler material when the shotgun is up to about 9–10 ft from the skin, while the filler material can actually travel up to about 24 ft (without enough energy to cause stipple marks). Fig. 13.27 A contact shotgun wound of the <strong>for</strong>ehead, with massive destruction When shot pellets are used, shotgun wounds where the muzzle is within 2–3 ft of the skin tend to have a single, large, circular entrance site where all of the charge (pellets, with associated wadding) enters the body. The closer the muzzle to the skin, the more smooth the margin of the defect appears. As the distance from muzzle to skin increases, the margin takes on a “scalloped” (“cookie-cutter”) appearance (Fig. 13.29). With additional distance, starting around 4 ft, separate individual pellet entrance sites surround the central defect (Fig. 13.30). When there are only a couple of these separate pellet entrance wounds, they are sometimes referred to as “satellite” wounds. If a plastic wad with petals is present within the shotgun shell, then there may be abrasions produced around the entrance defect by the petals that are opened up while traveling toward the target (Fig. 13.31 and Disc Image 13.49). When these are present, the wad material is probably within the body. Such wad
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Forensic Pathology for Police, Deat
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Joseph Prahlow Indiana University S
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vi Dedication accepted the free gif
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viii Foreword quality photographs i
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x Acknowledgements Counties, as wel
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Contents Part I Introductory Topics
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Contents xv Hepatobiliary System .
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Contents xvii RespiratorySystem....
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Contents xix Mercury ..............
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Contents xxi Strangulation . ......
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Contents xxiii Negligence/Neglect .
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About the Author Joseph A. Prahlow,
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathology
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Introduction to Pathology 5 Table 1
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Introduction to Pathology 7 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 9 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 11 Fig. 1
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Introduction to Pathology 13 Fig. 1
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Selected References 15 Disc Image L
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18 2 Introduction to Forensic Scien
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Chapter 3 Introduction to Forensic
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Duties of the Forensic Pathologist
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Selected References 47 Selected Ref
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50 4 Death Investigation Death Inve
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52 4 Death Investigation met in ord
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54 4 Death Investigation leading to
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56 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.2 A
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58 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.5 P
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60 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.9 I
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62 4 Death Investigation apartment
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64 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.1 A
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66 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.4 A
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68 5 Death Certification latter, th
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70 5 Death Certification infrequent
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72 5 Death Certification changes in
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74 5 Death Certification suicides.
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76 5 Death Certification death is i
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78 5 Death Certification use involv
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Chapter 6 Overview of Anatomy and P
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Introduction 83 Table 6.1 (continue
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Introduction 89 Term Definition Tab
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Introduction 91 “mucous membranes
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Specific Organ Systems 93 functions
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Specific Organ Systems 95 Fig. 6.2
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Specific Organ Systems 97 Microscop
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Specific Organ Systems 107 respirat
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Specific Organ Systems 111 water co
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Specific Organ Systems 115 Platelet
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Disc Image Legends 125 Disc Image 6
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Part II General Topics in Forensic
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130 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes and Ti
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Early Postmortem Changes 165 Fig. 8
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Early Postmortem Changes 167 can be
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Decomposition 169 exposed to sunlig
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Decomposition 171 Fig. 8.8 As decom
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Decomposition 173 Fig. 8.12 As deco
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Decomposition 175 Fig. 8.16 If flie
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Postmortem Injuries 177 Fig. 8.20 I
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Time of Death Estimation 179 Time o
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Time of Death Estimation 181 Fig. 8
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Chapter 9 Identification of Human R
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Introduction 187 Fig. 9.2 Badly dec
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Common, Non-scientific Methods of I
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Unidentified Remains 199 Fig. 9.16
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Selected References 201 Disc Image
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Chapter 10 Natural Deaths One man d
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Infectious Disease 207 to as “hyp
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Cardiovascular System 209 refers to
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Cardiovascular System 211 related t
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Cardiovascular System 213 heart int
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Cardiovascular System 215 Aortic An
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Cardiovascular System 217 Vasculiti
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Cardiovascular System 219 Valve Dis
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Cardiovascular System 221 Fig. 10.1
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Central Nervous System 223 Neoplast
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Central Nervous System 225 Viral en
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Central Nervous System 227 Spontane
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Respiratory System 229 Fig. 10.18 T
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Respiratory System 231 Pulmonary Th
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Respiratory System 233 identificati
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Respiratory System 235 Chronic Lung
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Reticuloendothelial and Immune Syst
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Endocrine System 243 infection, dis
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Multisystem and Other Disorders 245
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Selected References 255 Fineschi V,
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258 11 Drug-Related and Toxin-Relat
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Chapter 12 Blunt Force Injury Death
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Classification of Blunt Force Injur
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Page 359 and 360: Disc Image Legends 333 Disc Image 1
Page 361: Selected References 335 Toro K, Szl
Page 364 and 365: 338 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths shotgun
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Page 417 and 418: Special Issues 391 Defensive Wounds
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Page 425 and 426: Selected References 399 Disc Image
Page 427 and 428: Chapter 15 Asphyxial Deaths So Juda
Page 429 and 430: Suffocation 403 Fig. 15.1 Petechiae
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Suffocation 407 usual occluding sub
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Suffocation 409 being able to expan
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Neck Compression (Strangulation) 41
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Chemical Asphyxia 419 the object ha
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Chemical Asphyxia 421 Fig. 15.21 A
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Other Issues 423 to function proper
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Other Issues 425 (a) (b) Fig. 15.24
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Other Issues 427 the arms/hands bou
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Selected References 431 Prahlow JA,
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434 16 Drowning Physiology and Mech
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436 16 Drowning Fig. 16.2 Thedriver
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438 16 Drowning Fig. 16.4 “Cadave
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440 16 Drowning Finding water withi
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442 16 Drowning Fig. 16.10 Marked d
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444 16 Drowning Fig. 16.14 True ant
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446 16 Drowning Manner of Death A l
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448 16 Drowning Pachar JV, Cameron
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450 17 Electrical Deaths Fig. 17.1
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452 17 Electrical Deaths required f
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454 17 Electrical Deaths death (Fig
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466 17 Electrical Deaths Disc Image
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Chapter 18 Temperature-Related Deat
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Hypothermia 471 constrict, thus con
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Hypothermia 473 Fig. 18.3 Prominent
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Hyperthermia 475 Toxicology testing
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Hyperthermia 477 Fig. 18.8 A 24-yea
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Selected References 479 disease. In
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Chapter 19 Burns and Fire-Related D
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Introduction 483 Fig. 19.3 Example
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Burn Types 485 Fig. 19.5 A postmort
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Burn Types 487 Chemical Burns As me
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Fire Deaths 489 Fire burns represen
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Fire Deaths 491 Fig. 19.11 Dense so
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Fire Deaths 493 Fig. 19.13 Multiple
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Fire Deaths 495 a CO test or an ins
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Fire Deaths 497 Fig. 19.20 Atrue an
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Disc Image Legends 499 Disc Image L
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Chapter 20 Deaths in Infancy and Ch
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Birth-Related Infant Deaths 507 abr
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Infant Deaths 509 Fig. 20.3 A diaph
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Infant Deaths 511 Fig. 20.6 The pre
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Natural Death in Childhood 513 path
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Accidental Childhood Deaths 515 pon
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 517 occu
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 519 Fig.
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 521 in a
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Classification of Childhood Homicid
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Pediatric Autopsy Considerations 53
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Disc Image Legends 535 Disc Image L
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Selected References 537 Selected Re
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540 21 Miscellaneous Topics Aircraf
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542 21 Miscellaneous Topics CAMI to
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544 21 Miscellaneous Topics To summ
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546 21 Miscellaneous Topics typical
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548 21 Miscellaneous Topics quite o
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550 21 Miscellaneous Topics Fig. 21
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552 21 Miscellaneous Topics The emb
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554 21 Miscellaneous Topics various
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556 21 Miscellaneous Topics stress
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560 21 Miscellaneous Topics ampheta
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562 21 Miscellaneous Topics victim
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564 21 Miscellaneous Topics more se
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568 21 Miscellaneous Topics Organ a
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572 21 Miscellaneous Topics region
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574 21 Miscellaneous Topics Regardi
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576 21 Miscellaneous Topics and lar
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578 21 Miscellaneous Topics some wo
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580 21 Miscellaneous Topics Non-ion
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582 21 Miscellaneous Topics Yersini
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584 21 Miscellaneous Topics water (
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586 21 Miscellaneous Topics to gene
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588 21 Miscellaneous Topics Disc Im
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590 21 Miscellaneous Topics Leclair
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Appendix: Additional Resources and
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Index Note: The letters ‘f’ and
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Index 597 Arnold-Chiari malformatio
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Index 599 closed head injuries, 311
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Index 601 immediate, 68 intermediar
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Index 603 liver demonstrating cirrh
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Index 605 Death investigation syste
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Index 607 pressure related processe
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Index 609 bridging veins, 316 dura
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Index 611 brain, serially-sectioned
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Index 613 Gestational DM, 247 Gesta
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Index 615 Homicide(s), 444 by heart
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Index 617 Infant death, 501-502, 50
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Index 619 Material Safety Data Shee
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Index 621 CNS, 223-229 cerebral pal
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Index 623 Over-the-counter (OTC), 2
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Index 625 Pregnancy-related materna
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Index 627 industrial settings, 486
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Index 629 Smoke and soot inhalation
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Index 631 Thrombophlebitis, inflamm
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