Forensic Pathology for Police - Brainshare Public Online Library

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64 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.1 A photograph of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death
Introduction 65 person) and has knowledge of the person’s medical history, then that physician is allowed to certify the death. If no physician is available or willing to certify death, or if the death is the result of anything other than natural disease, then the death must typically be certified by the official death investigation agency that has jurisdiction in the location where the death occurred. By state statute, the coroner or medical examiner must investigate certain types of death, including sudden, unexpected, violent, and suspicious deaths. This includes any non-natural death, as well as many natural deaths. The specific types of deaths that must be investigated may differ slightly from one state to the next. For example, deaths occurring during a medical procedure or deaths occurring while in-custody, may or may not be specifically referred to within the statutes of a given state. In certain jurisdictions, the autopsy pathologist may be allowed to certify a death. Even in jurisdictions that do not allow this practice, the official certifier (coroner or non-pathologist medical examiner) will frequently rely on the pathologist’s autopsy findings in order to properly certify the death. Each death certificate provides blank spaces to fill in various identification items regarding the decedent, such as name, age, birth date, etc. (Fig. 5.2) Certifiers must provide information regarding the date and time of death (Fig. 5.3). In addition, there are spaces to enter the cause of death (COD; see below) (Fig. 5.4), the manner of death (MOD; see below) (Fig. 5.5), and the circumstances of death (Fig. 5.6). Many death certificates have additional questions to answer such as “did tobacco use contribute to death?” (Disc Image 5.1) All require the certifying individual to sign the certificate. Funeral directors also have sections to answer on the certificate (Disc Images 5.2 and 5.3). Once a death certificate is completed, it is forwarded to Fig. 5.2 A closer view of the top portion of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death, showing the various demographic information that is required for each case Fig. 5.3 A closer view of the section of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death dealing with the date and time of death
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Forensic Pathology for Police, Deat
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Joseph Prahlow Indiana University S
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vi Dedication accepted the free gif
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viii Foreword quality photographs i
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x Acknowledgements Counties, as wel
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Contents Part I Introductory Topics
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Contents xv Hepatobiliary System .
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Contents xvii RespiratorySystem....
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Contents xix Mercury ..............
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Contents xxi Strangulation . ......
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Contents xxiii Negligence/Neglect .
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About the Author Joseph A. Prahlow,
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathology
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Introduction to Pathology 5 Table 1
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Introduction to Pathology 7 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 9 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 11 Fig. 1
Page 39 and 40: Introduction to Pathology 13 Fig. 1
Page 41: Selected References 15 Disc Image L
Page 44 and 45: 18 2 Introduction to Forensic Scien
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 3 Introduction to Forensic
Page 63 and 64: Duties of the Forensic Pathologist
Page 69 and 70: Training and Qualifications of Fore
Page 71 and 72: Training and Qualifications of Fore
Page 73: Selected References 47 Selected Ref
Page 76 and 77: 50 4 Death Investigation Death Inve
Page 78 and 79: 52 4 Death Investigation met in ord
Page 80 and 81: 54 4 Death Investigation leading to
Page 82 and 83: 56 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.2 A
Page 84 and 85: 58 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.5 P
Page 86 and 87: 60 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.9 I
Page 88 and 89: 62 4 Death Investigation apartment
Page 92 and 93: 66 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.4 A
Page 94 and 95: 68 5 Death Certification latter, th
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Page 98 and 99: 72 5 Death Certification changes in
Page 100 and 101: 74 5 Death Certification suicides.
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Page 104 and 105: 78 5 Death Certification use involv
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 6 Overview of Anatomy and P
Page 109 and 110: Introduction 83 Table 6.1 (continue
Page 115 and 116: Introduction 89 Term Definition Tab
Page 117 and 118: Introduction 91 “mucous membranes
Page 119 and 120: Specific Organ Systems 93 functions
Page 121 and 122: Specific Organ Systems 95 Fig. 6.2
Page 123 and 124: Specific Organ Systems 97 Microscop
Page 133 and 134: Specific Organ Systems 107 respirat
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Specific Organ Systems 115 Platelet
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Specific Organ Systems 117 Fig. 6.2
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Disc Image Legends 125 Disc Image 6
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Part II General Topics in Forensic
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130 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes and Ti
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Early Postmortem Changes 165 Fig. 8
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Early Postmortem Changes 167 can be
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Decomposition 169 exposed to sunlig
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Decomposition 171 Fig. 8.8 As decom
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Decomposition 173 Fig. 8.12 As deco
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Decomposition 175 Fig. 8.16 If flie
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Postmortem Injuries 177 Fig. 8.20 I
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Time of Death Estimation 179 Time o
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Time of Death Estimation 181 Fig. 8
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Chapter 9 Identification of Human R
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Introduction 187 Fig. 9.2 Badly dec
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Common, Non-scientific Methods of I
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Unidentified Remains 199 Fig. 9.16
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Selected References 201 Disc Image
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Chapter 10 Natural Deaths One man d
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Infectious Disease 207 to as “hyp
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Cardiovascular System 209 refers to
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Cardiovascular System 211 related t
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Cardiovascular System 213 heart int
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Cardiovascular System 215 Aortic An
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Cardiovascular System 217 Vasculiti
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Cardiovascular System 219 Valve Dis
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Cardiovascular System 221 Fig. 10.1
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Central Nervous System 223 Neoplast
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Central Nervous System 225 Viral en
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Central Nervous System 227 Spontane
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Respiratory System 229 Fig. 10.18 T
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Respiratory System 231 Pulmonary Th
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Respiratory System 233 identificati
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Respiratory System 235 Chronic Lung
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Reticuloendothelial and Immune Syst
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Endocrine System 243 infection, dis
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Multisystem and Other Disorders 245
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Selected References 255 Fineschi V,
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258 11 Drug-Related and Toxin-Relat
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Chapter 12 Blunt Force Injury Death
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Classification of Blunt Force Injur
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Blunt Force Head and Neck Trauma 31
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Special Topics Related to Blunt For
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Selected References 335 Toro K, Szl
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338 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths shotgun
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340 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Fig. 13
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346 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths targets
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348 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths (a) (b)
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350 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Image 1
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354 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Miscell
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362 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths may be
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368 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths X-Rays
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370 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths left-ha
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372 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths NYCLAD
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374 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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376 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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Chapter 14 Sharp Force Injury Death
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Stab Wounds 381 to describe the sha
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Stab Wounds 383 describing “clust
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Incised Wounds 385 Fig. 14.9 A supe
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Incised Wounds 387 Although knives
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Special Issues 389 Fig. 14.16 A sta
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Special Issues 391 Defensive Wounds
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Special Issues 393 disorders; howev
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Special Issues 395 area of “radio
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Special Issues 397 Artifacts A fina
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Selected References 399 Disc Image
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Chapter 15 Asphyxial Deaths So Juda
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Suffocation 403 Fig. 15.1 Petechiae
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Suffocation 405 Certification of th
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Suffocation 407 usual occluding sub
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Suffocation 409 being able to expan
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Neck Compression (Strangulation) 41
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Chemical Asphyxia 419 the object ha
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Chemical Asphyxia 421 Fig. 15.21 A
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Other Issues 423 to function proper
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Other Issues 425 (a) (b) Fig. 15.24
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Other Issues 427 the arms/hands bou
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Selected References 431 Prahlow JA,
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434 16 Drowning Physiology and Mech
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436 16 Drowning Fig. 16.2 Thedriver
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438 16 Drowning Fig. 16.4 “Cadave
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440 16 Drowning Finding water withi
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442 16 Drowning Fig. 16.10 Marked d
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444 16 Drowning Fig. 16.14 True ant
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446 16 Drowning Manner of Death A l
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448 16 Drowning Pachar JV, Cameron
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450 17 Electrical Deaths Fig. 17.1
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452 17 Electrical Deaths required f
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454 17 Electrical Deaths death (Fig
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466 17 Electrical Deaths Disc Image
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Chapter 18 Temperature-Related Deat
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Hypothermia 471 constrict, thus con
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Hypothermia 473 Fig. 18.3 Prominent
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Hyperthermia 475 Toxicology testing
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Hyperthermia 477 Fig. 18.8 A 24-yea
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Selected References 479 disease. In
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Chapter 19 Burns and Fire-Related D
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Introduction 483 Fig. 19.3 Example
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Burn Types 485 Fig. 19.5 A postmort
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Burn Types 487 Chemical Burns As me
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Fire Deaths 489 Fire burns represen
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Fire Deaths 491 Fig. 19.11 Dense so
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Fire Deaths 493 Fig. 19.13 Multiple
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Fire Deaths 495 a CO test or an ins
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Fire Deaths 497 Fig. 19.20 Atrue an
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Disc Image Legends 499 Disc Image L
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Chapter 20 Deaths in Infancy and Ch
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Birth-Related Infant Deaths 507 abr
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Infant Deaths 509 Fig. 20.3 A diaph
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Infant Deaths 511 Fig. 20.6 The pre
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Natural Death in Childhood 513 path
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Accidental Childhood Deaths 515 pon
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 517 occu
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 519 Fig.
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 521 in a
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Classification of Childhood Homicid
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Pediatric Autopsy Considerations 53
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Disc Image Legends 535 Disc Image L
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Selected References 537 Selected Re
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540 21 Miscellaneous Topics Aircraf
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542 21 Miscellaneous Topics CAMI to
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544 21 Miscellaneous Topics To summ
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546 21 Miscellaneous Topics typical
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548 21 Miscellaneous Topics quite o
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550 21 Miscellaneous Topics Fig. 21
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552 21 Miscellaneous Topics The emb
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554 21 Miscellaneous Topics various
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556 21 Miscellaneous Topics stress
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560 21 Miscellaneous Topics ampheta
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562 21 Miscellaneous Topics victim
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564 21 Miscellaneous Topics more se
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568 21 Miscellaneous Topics Organ a
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572 21 Miscellaneous Topics region
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574 21 Miscellaneous Topics Regardi
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576 21 Miscellaneous Topics and lar
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578 21 Miscellaneous Topics some wo
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580 21 Miscellaneous Topics Non-ion
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582 21 Miscellaneous Topics Yersini
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584 21 Miscellaneous Topics water (
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586 21 Miscellaneous Topics to gene
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588 21 Miscellaneous Topics Disc Im
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590 21 Miscellaneous Topics Leclair
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Appendix: Additional Resources and
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Index Note: The letters ‘f’ and
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Index 597 Arnold-Chiari malformatio
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Index 599 closed head injuries, 311
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Index 601 immediate, 68 intermediar
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Index 603 liver demonstrating cirrh
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Index 605 Death investigation syste
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Index 607 pressure related processe
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Index 609 bridging veins, 316 dura
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Index 611 brain, serially-sectioned
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Index 613 Gestational DM, 247 Gesta
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Index 615 Homicide(s), 444 by heart
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Index 617 Infant death, 501-502, 50
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Index 619 Material Safety Data Shee
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Index 621 CNS, 223-229 cerebral pal
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Index 623 Over-the-counter (OTC), 2
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Index 625 Pregnancy-related materna
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Index 627 industrial settings, 486
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Index 629 Smoke and soot inhalation
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Index 631 Thrombophlebitis, inflamm
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