Forensic Pathology for Police - Brainshare Public Online Library

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254 10 Natural Deaths Disc Image 10.40 Pulmonary thromboembolism. Note the occlusion (blockage) of the pulmonary artery by numerous, wormlike thrombi (bloodclots), indicated by the arrow. Disc Image 10.41 The microscopic appearance of pneumocystis pneumonia, in an AIDS patient. Disc Image 10.42 A cross-section of a lung at autopsy, showing “mucous plugging” within bronchi. Disc Image 10.43 The microscopic appearance of acute asthmatic bronchitis, including an intense mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate with numerous eosinophils, which are too small to readily appreciate in this relatively low-power magnification. Disc Image 10.44 The microscopic appearance of emphysema, characterized by enlarged alveolar spaces. Disc Image 10.45 A cross-section of a lung with cancer. Disc Image 10.46 The gross appearance of a gastric ulcer. Disc Image 10.47 The microscopic appearance of esophageal varices (dilated veins). Disc Image 10.48 The microscopic appearance of pancreatitis, characterized by acute inflammatory cells (neutrophils), mostly along the upper edge of the photo. Disc Image 10.49 The gross appearance of a hypertensive kidney, characterized by a granular (rough) surface. Disc Image 10.50 A midline section through the cerebellum of a chronic alcoholic, showing atrophy of the “vermis” (upper right portion of specimen). Disc Image 10.51 A cross-section of the brain showing small and darkened “mamillary bodies” (arrows) in a case of Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome. Disc Image 10.52 A fatty liver at autopsy. Disc Image 10.53 The microscopic appearance of fatty change (the clear appearance of cells), also called “steatosis,” within the liver, occurring as a result of ethanol consumption. Disc Image 10.54 The gross appearance of enlarged lymph nodes (arrows) occurring in a case of sarcoidosis. Note that the lungs and heart have been previously removed from the body. Selected References Batalis NI, Galup L, Zaki SR, Prahlow JA. West Nile virus encephalitis. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2005;26:192–6. Byard RW, Cohle SD. Sudden Death in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 1994. Byard RW, Manton N, Tsokos M. Sarcoidosis and mechanisms of unexpected death. J Forensic Sci 2008;53:460–4. Celbis O, Aydin NE, Mizrak B, Ozdemir B. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia cases in forensic autopsies. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2007;28:235–7. Christiansen LR, Collins KA. Natural death in the forensic setting – a study and approach to the autopsy. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2007;28:20–3.
Selected References 255 Fineschi V, Baroldi G, Silver MD. Pathology of the Heart and Sudden Death in Forensic Medicine. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis; 2006. Gonsoulin M, Barnard JJ, Prahlow JA. Death resulting from ruptured cerebral artery aneurysm – 219 cases. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2002;23:5–14. Gruszecki AC. Dural sinus thrombosis. American Society for Clinical Pathology Forensic Pathology Check Sample 2009;51;31–39. Gulino SP. Examination of the cardiac conduction system: forensic application in cases of sudden cardiac death. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2003;24:227–38. Iion M, Kimura T, Abiru H, Kaszynski RH, Yuan QH, Tsuruyama T, Tamaki K. Unexpected sudden death resulting from anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva: a case report involving identical twins. Legal Med 2007;9:25–9. Jing HL, Hu BJ. Sudden death caused by stricture of the sinus node artery. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997;18:360–2. Matschke J, Lockemann U, Schulz F. Intracranial arteriovenous malformations presenting as sudden unexpected death – a report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2007;28:173–6. Oeberst JL, Barnard JJ, Bigio EH, Prahlow JA. Neurocysticercosis. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2002;23:31–5. Prahlow JA, Barnard JJ, Milewicz DM. Familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. J Forensic Sci 1998;43:1244–9. Prahlow JA, Wagner SA. Death due to Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome type IV. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2005;78–82. Tsokos M, Braun C. Acute pancreatitis presenting as sudden, unexpected death – an autopsy-based study of 27 cases. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2007;28:267–70. Wei JP, Kay D, Fishbein MC. Spontaneous dissection of the distal obtuse marginal coronary artery: a rare cause of sudden death. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2008;29:199–201. Wirthwein DP, Spotswood SD, Barnard JJ, Prahlow JA. Death due to microvascular occlusion in sickle-cell trait following physical exertion. J Forensic Sci 2001;46:399–401.
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Forensic Pathology for Police, Deat
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Joseph Prahlow Indiana University S
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vi Dedication accepted the free gif
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viii Foreword quality photographs i
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x Acknowledgements Counties, as wel
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Contents Part I Introductory Topics
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Contents xv Hepatobiliary System .
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Contents xvii RespiratorySystem....
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Contents xix Mercury ..............
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Contents xxi Strangulation . ......
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Contents xxiii Negligence/Neglect .
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About the Author Joseph A. Prahlow,
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathology
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Introduction to Pathology 5 Table 1
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Introduction to Pathology 7 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 9 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 11 Fig. 1
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Introduction to Pathology 13 Fig. 1
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Selected References 15 Disc Image L
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18 2 Introduction to Forensic Scien
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Chapter 3 Introduction to Forensic
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Duties of the Forensic Pathologist
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Selected References 47 Selected Ref
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50 4 Death Investigation Death Inve
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52 4 Death Investigation met in ord
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54 4 Death Investigation leading to
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56 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.2 A
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58 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.5 P
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60 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.9 I
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62 4 Death Investigation apartment
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64 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.1 A
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66 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.4 A
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68 5 Death Certification latter, th
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70 5 Death Certification infrequent
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72 5 Death Certification changes in
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74 5 Death Certification suicides.
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76 5 Death Certification death is i
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78 5 Death Certification use involv
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Chapter 6 Overview of Anatomy and P
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Introduction 83 Table 6.1 (continue
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Introduction 89 Term Definition Tab
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Introduction 91 “mucous membranes
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Specific Organ Systems 93 functions
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Specific Organ Systems 95 Fig. 6.2
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Specific Organ Systems 97 Microscop
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Specific Organ Systems 107 respirat
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Specific Organ Systems 111 water co
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Specific Organ Systems 115 Platelet
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Disc Image Legends 125 Disc Image 6
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Part II General Topics in Forensic
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130 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes and Ti
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Early Postmortem Changes 165 Fig. 8
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Early Postmortem Changes 167 can be
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Decomposition 169 exposed to sunlig
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Decomposition 171 Fig. 8.8 As decom
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Decomposition 173 Fig. 8.12 As deco
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Decomposition 175 Fig. 8.16 If flie
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Postmortem Injuries 177 Fig. 8.20 I
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Time of Death Estimation 179 Time o
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Time of Death Estimation 181 Fig. 8
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Chapter 9 Identification of Human R
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Introduction 187 Fig. 9.2 Badly dec
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Common, Non-scientific Methods of I
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Unidentified Remains 199 Fig. 9.16
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Selected References 201 Disc Image
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Page 249 and 250: Central Nervous System 223 Neoplast
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Page 267 and 268: Reticuloendothelial and Immune Syst
Page 269 and 270: Endocrine System 243 infection, dis
Page 271 and 272: Multisystem and Other Disorders 245
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Page 284 and 285: 258 11 Drug-Related and Toxin-Relat
Page 327 and 328: Chapter 12 Blunt Force Injury Death
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Classification of Blunt Force Injur
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Blunt Force Head and Neck Trauma 31
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Special Topics Related to Blunt For
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Selected References 335 Toro K, Szl
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338 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths shotgun
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340 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Fig. 13
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346 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths targets
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348 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths (a) (b)
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350 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Image 1
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354 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Miscell
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362 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths may be
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368 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths X-Rays
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370 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths left-ha
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372 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths NYCLAD
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374 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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376 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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Chapter 14 Sharp Force Injury Death
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Stab Wounds 381 to describe the sha
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Stab Wounds 383 describing “clust
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Incised Wounds 385 Fig. 14.9 A supe
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Incised Wounds 387 Although knives
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Special Issues 389 Fig. 14.16 A sta
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Special Issues 391 Defensive Wounds
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Special Issues 393 disorders; howev
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Special Issues 395 area of “radio
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Special Issues 397 Artifacts A fina
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Selected References 399 Disc Image
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Chapter 15 Asphyxial Deaths So Juda
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Suffocation 403 Fig. 15.1 Petechiae
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Suffocation 405 Certification of th
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Suffocation 407 usual occluding sub
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Suffocation 409 being able to expan
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Neck Compression (Strangulation) 41
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Chemical Asphyxia 419 the object ha
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Chemical Asphyxia 421 Fig. 15.21 A
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Other Issues 423 to function proper
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Other Issues 425 (a) (b) Fig. 15.24
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Other Issues 427 the arms/hands bou
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Selected References 431 Prahlow JA,
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434 16 Drowning Physiology and Mech
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436 16 Drowning Fig. 16.2 Thedriver
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438 16 Drowning Fig. 16.4 “Cadave
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440 16 Drowning Finding water withi
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442 16 Drowning Fig. 16.10 Marked d
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444 16 Drowning Fig. 16.14 True ant
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446 16 Drowning Manner of Death A l
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448 16 Drowning Pachar JV, Cameron
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450 17 Electrical Deaths Fig. 17.1
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452 17 Electrical Deaths required f
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454 17 Electrical Deaths death (Fig
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466 17 Electrical Deaths Disc Image
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Chapter 18 Temperature-Related Deat
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Hypothermia 471 constrict, thus con
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Hypothermia 473 Fig. 18.3 Prominent
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Hyperthermia 475 Toxicology testing
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Hyperthermia 477 Fig. 18.8 A 24-yea
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Selected References 479 disease. In
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Chapter 19 Burns and Fire-Related D
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Introduction 483 Fig. 19.3 Example
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Burn Types 485 Fig. 19.5 A postmort
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Burn Types 487 Chemical Burns As me
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Fire Deaths 489 Fire burns represen
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Fire Deaths 491 Fig. 19.11 Dense so
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Fire Deaths 493 Fig. 19.13 Multiple
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Fire Deaths 495 a CO test or an ins
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Fire Deaths 497 Fig. 19.20 Atrue an
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Disc Image Legends 499 Disc Image L
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Chapter 20 Deaths in Infancy and Ch
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Birth-Related Infant Deaths 507 abr
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Infant Deaths 509 Fig. 20.3 A diaph
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Infant Deaths 511 Fig. 20.6 The pre
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Natural Death in Childhood 513 path
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Accidental Childhood Deaths 515 pon
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 517 occu
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 519 Fig.
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 521 in a
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Classification of Childhood Homicid
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Pediatric Autopsy Considerations 53
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Disc Image Legends 535 Disc Image L
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Selected References 537 Selected Re
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540 21 Miscellaneous Topics Aircraf
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542 21 Miscellaneous Topics CAMI to
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544 21 Miscellaneous Topics To summ
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546 21 Miscellaneous Topics typical
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548 21 Miscellaneous Topics quite o
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550 21 Miscellaneous Topics Fig. 21
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552 21 Miscellaneous Topics The emb
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554 21 Miscellaneous Topics various
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556 21 Miscellaneous Topics stress
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560 21 Miscellaneous Topics ampheta
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562 21 Miscellaneous Topics victim
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564 21 Miscellaneous Topics more se
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568 21 Miscellaneous Topics Organ a
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572 21 Miscellaneous Topics region
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574 21 Miscellaneous Topics Regardi
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576 21 Miscellaneous Topics and lar
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578 21 Miscellaneous Topics some wo
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580 21 Miscellaneous Topics Non-ion
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582 21 Miscellaneous Topics Yersini
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584 21 Miscellaneous Topics water (
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586 21 Miscellaneous Topics to gene
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588 21 Miscellaneous Topics Disc Im
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590 21 Miscellaneous Topics Leclair
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Appendix: Additional Resources and
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Index Note: The letters ‘f’ and
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Index 597 Arnold-Chiari malformatio
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Index 599 closed head injuries, 311
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Index 601 immediate, 68 intermediar
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Index 603 liver demonstrating cirrh
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Index 605 Death investigation syste
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Index 607 pressure related processe
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Index 609 bridging veins, 316 dura
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Index 611 brain, serially-sectioned
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Index 613 Gestational DM, 247 Gesta
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Index 615 Homicide(s), 444 by heart
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Index 617 Infant death, 501-502, 50
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Index 619 Material Safety Data Shee
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Index 621 CNS, 223-229 cerebral pal
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Index 623 Over-the-counter (OTC), 2
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Index 625 Pregnancy-related materna
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Index 627 industrial settings, 486
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Index 629 Smoke and soot inhalation
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Index 631 Thrombophlebitis, inflamm
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