Forensic Pathology for Police - Brainshare Public Online Library

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630 Index Suicide MOD, 73 complex suicides, 74, 75f SUID, see Sudden unexplained infant death (SUID) SUIDI, see Sudden, unexplained infant death investigation (SUIDI) Sunburn, 485, 580 Superinfection, 232 Superior vena cava (SVC), 87t, 105 Suppurative inflammation, see Neutrophilic inflammation Surgical pathology, 7 dissection of specimen, 8f fallopian tube viewed under different magnifications, 11f–12f histologic examination, stains used H&E stain, 7 histology laboratory, processing machines in, 8f microscopic anatomy, diagnoses based on, 11f microtome to cut tissue sections, use of, 9f patients’ conditions analysis, dilemmas, 10 placing tissue section on a glass slide, 10f slide via microscope, viewing, 11f tissue sample processing in plastic “cassettes,” 8f tissue section embedded in paraffin wax, 9f SVC, see Superior vena cava (SVC) Sweat chloride test, 250 Swimming pools or other bodies of water, 446 Swiss cheese appearance, 177 Systemic autoimmune disorders, 241 Systemic “cyanosis,” 209 Systemic infection, 208 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 206, 208, 366, 522 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 220, 241 Systemic thromboemboli, 548 T Tache noire (black line), 168 Tardieu spots (hemorrhage), 165, 165f, 415, 545 Tardive dyskinesia, antipsychotic, 288 Tay–Sachs disease, 249 Temperature, 469 heat gain exceeds heat loss (hyperthermia), 470 heat load/heat loss, 469–470, 475 heat loss exceeds heat gain (hypothermia), 470 Temperature-related deaths, 469–479 hyperthermia, 475–479 autopsy findings, 477–478 death certification, 478–479 general features, 475 scene investigation, 476 hypothermia, 470–475 autopsy findings, 471–474 death certification, 475 general features, 470–471 scene investigation, 471 See also Temperature Terrorist agents biologic agents, 581–582 Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), 581 Clostridium botulinum (botulism), 582 dengue fever, 582 Ebola virus, 582 Francisella tularensis (tularemia), 582 Hantaan virus, 582 hemorrhagic mediastinal lymphadenitis, 581 Lassa virus, 582 Marburg virus, 582 Variola virus (orthopoxvirus), 582 yellow fever, 582 Yersinia pestis (plague), 582 chemical agents blistering agents, 582 cyanide agents, 582 nerve agents, 582–583 ricin, 583 Tetrodotoxin fish poisoning, 567 THC, see Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Therapy-related deaths, 397f, 577, 583–586 physiologic mechanism of death, 583 pneumothorax, case of, 584 “therapeutic complication,” 585 Thermal injuries, 94, 331, 422, 453, 462, 470, 481–482, 484, 487, 490, 492–493, 495–496, 498, 541 dry burns, 470 fire burns, 470 radiant burns, 470 scalding injuries, 470 Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, 247, 270, 564, 565t Third degree burns (full-thickness skin injury), 482, 483f, 485 Thoracic aortic aneurysm, 215–216, 218, 251, 330 Thoracotomy, surgical opening of chest cavity, 397 “Thromboembolus,” 88t, 115, 546–547
Index 631 Thrombophlebitis, inflammatory process, 222 “Thrombotic microangiopathies of pregnancy,” 577 “Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura,” 577 Thrombus (blood clot) formation, 88t, 115, 211–215, 228–229, 546, 583 Thymine (T), 28 Thyroid disorders, 243–244 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 117, 243–244 Time of death estimation, 179–182 estimating PMI/entomology samples, 180–181 formula, 180 gastric content analysis, 180 “maggot motel,” 181–182 potassium concentration equations, 179–180 See also Postmortem changes Tissue bridging, 305, 379, 398 debridement, 492 donation, 568–572 “Tonsillar herniation,” 319 Tool marks (weapon cuts), 25, 389 “Total insulin” levels, 248, 289, 574 Toxicology issues, breakdown product, 263–267, 264 Toxicology testing, 22, 39–40, 66, 132, 132f, 140, 145, 153–154, 157, 266, 290, 317, 421, 475, 478, 510, 541, 555 qualitative/quantitative, 153–154 sample types, 154 Toxoplasma (parasite), 566 Trace evidence, types, 22 clothing, 134 fingernails, 135 hairs, fibers, gunshot residue, 135 sexual activity evidence, 135 “Tracheal bronchus,” 230 Track, (injury), 30, 74, 101, 134, 261, 278, 326, 362, 367–368, 373, 384, 388 Transcalvarial herniation, 319 Transmural (full thickness) infarcts, 248 Transtentorial herniation, see Uncal Traumatic asphyxia, see Mechanical asphyxia Traumatic axonal injury, 317, 319, 321 Traumatic injuries, 106, 324, 331, 410, 490, 495, 506–507, 561 Trisomy syndromes, 250 Trocar, 398, 552–553 embalming process, 552f instrument, 398 (or) embalming button, 553f TSH, see Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Tubal pregnancy, 575 Tubercular and fungal, 208 Tuberculosis (TB, mycobacterium), 114, 208, 232–233, 243 Turner syndrome, 250 Type II-non-insulin dependent DM or adult-onset DM, 247 Type I-insulin-dependent DM or juvenile DM, 247 “diabetic pattern,” 248 insulin replacement (subcutaneous injection), 247 “ketoacidosis,” 247 U Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, 169, 272, 484–485, 580 Uncal, 319 United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP), 14 United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), 4 Unwanted pregnancy (neonaticide), 529–530 Upper airway conditions, 108, 230, 407–408, 411, 487 inflammation from infection (epiglottitis), 230 swelling (allergic reaction), 230 USCAP, see United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP) USMLE, see United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) V Valve disorders, 219–220 degenerative aortic stenosis, 219 “senile calcific aortic stenosis,” 219 “wear and tear” valve disorder, 219 infective endocarditis, 220 “Libman–Sacks” endocarditis, 219 mitral valve prolapse, 219–220 myxomatous degeneration of, 219 redundant and “billowing,” 219f nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, 219 “regurgitant,” 219 rheumatic heart disease, 219 “stenotic” or narrowed, 219 Vapor-lock, 390, 549 Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), 28 Variola virus (orthopoxvirus), 582 Vascular axonal injury, 321
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Forensic Pathology for Police, Deat
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Joseph Prahlow Indiana University S
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vi Dedication accepted the free gif
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viii Foreword quality photographs i
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x Acknowledgements Counties, as wel
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Contents Part I Introductory Topics
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Contents xv Hepatobiliary System .
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Contents xvii RespiratorySystem....
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Contents xix Mercury ..............
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Contents xxi Strangulation . ......
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Contents xxiii Negligence/Neglect .
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About the Author Joseph A. Prahlow,
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathology
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Introduction to Pathology 5 Table 1
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Introduction to Pathology 7 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 9 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 11 Fig. 1
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Introduction to Pathology 13 Fig. 1
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Selected References 15 Disc Image L
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18 2 Introduction to Forensic Scien
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Chapter 3 Introduction to Forensic
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Duties of the Forensic Pathologist
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Selected References 47 Selected Ref
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50 4 Death Investigation Death Inve
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52 4 Death Investigation met in ord
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54 4 Death Investigation leading to
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56 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.2 A
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58 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.5 P
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60 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.9 I
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62 4 Death Investigation apartment
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64 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.1 A
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66 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.4 A
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68 5 Death Certification latter, th
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70 5 Death Certification infrequent
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72 5 Death Certification changes in
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74 5 Death Certification suicides.
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76 5 Death Certification death is i
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78 5 Death Certification use involv
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Chapter 6 Overview of Anatomy and P
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Introduction 83 Table 6.1 (continue
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Introduction 89 Term Definition Tab
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Introduction 91 “mucous membranes
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Specific Organ Systems 93 functions
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Specific Organ Systems 95 Fig. 6.2
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Specific Organ Systems 97 Microscop
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Specific Organ Systems 107 respirat
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Specific Organ Systems 111 water co
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Specific Organ Systems 115 Platelet
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Disc Image Legends 125 Disc Image 6
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Part II General Topics in Forensic
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130 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes and Ti
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Early Postmortem Changes 165 Fig. 8
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Early Postmortem Changes 167 can be
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Decomposition 169 exposed to sunlig
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Decomposition 171 Fig. 8.8 As decom
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Decomposition 173 Fig. 8.12 As deco
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Decomposition 175 Fig. 8.16 If flie
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Postmortem Injuries 177 Fig. 8.20 I
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Time of Death Estimation 179 Time o
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Time of Death Estimation 181 Fig. 8
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Chapter 9 Identification of Human R
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Introduction 187 Fig. 9.2 Badly dec
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Common, Non-scientific Methods of I
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Unidentified Remains 199 Fig. 9.16
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Selected References 201 Disc Image
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Chapter 10 Natural Deaths One man d
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Infectious Disease 207 to as “hyp
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Cardiovascular System 209 refers to
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Cardiovascular System 211 related t
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Cardiovascular System 213 heart int
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Cardiovascular System 215 Aortic An
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Cardiovascular System 217 Vasculiti
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Cardiovascular System 219 Valve Dis
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Cardiovascular System 221 Fig. 10.1
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Central Nervous System 223 Neoplast
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Central Nervous System 225 Viral en
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Central Nervous System 227 Spontane
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Respiratory System 229 Fig. 10.18 T
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Respiratory System 231 Pulmonary Th
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Respiratory System 233 identificati
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Respiratory System 235 Chronic Lung
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Reticuloendothelial and Immune Syst
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Endocrine System 243 infection, dis
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Multisystem and Other Disorders 245
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Selected References 255 Fineschi V,
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258 11 Drug-Related and Toxin-Relat
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Chapter 12 Blunt Force Injury Death
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Classification of Blunt Force Injur
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Blunt Force Head and Neck Trauma 31
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Special Topics Related to Blunt For
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Selected References 335 Toro K, Szl
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338 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths shotgun
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340 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Fig. 13
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346 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths targets
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348 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths (a) (b)
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350 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Image 1
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354 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Miscell
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362 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths may be
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368 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths X-Rays
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370 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths left-ha
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372 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths NYCLAD
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374 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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376 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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Chapter 14 Sharp Force Injury Death
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Stab Wounds 381 to describe the sha
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Stab Wounds 383 describing “clust
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Incised Wounds 385 Fig. 14.9 A supe
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Incised Wounds 387 Although knives
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Special Issues 389 Fig. 14.16 A sta
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Special Issues 391 Defensive Wounds
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Special Issues 393 disorders; howev
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Special Issues 395 area of “radio
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Special Issues 397 Artifacts A fina
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Selected References 399 Disc Image
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Chapter 15 Asphyxial Deaths So Juda
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Suffocation 403 Fig. 15.1 Petechiae
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Suffocation 405 Certification of th
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Suffocation 407 usual occluding sub
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Suffocation 409 being able to expan
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Neck Compression (Strangulation) 41
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Chemical Asphyxia 419 the object ha
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Chemical Asphyxia 421 Fig. 15.21 A
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Other Issues 423 to function proper
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Other Issues 425 (a) (b) Fig. 15.24
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Other Issues 427 the arms/hands bou
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Selected References 431 Prahlow JA,
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434 16 Drowning Physiology and Mech
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436 16 Drowning Fig. 16.2 Thedriver
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438 16 Drowning Fig. 16.4 “Cadave
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440 16 Drowning Finding water withi
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442 16 Drowning Fig. 16.10 Marked d
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444 16 Drowning Fig. 16.14 True ant
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446 16 Drowning Manner of Death A l
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448 16 Drowning Pachar JV, Cameron
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450 17 Electrical Deaths Fig. 17.1
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452 17 Electrical Deaths required f
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454 17 Electrical Deaths death (Fig
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466 17 Electrical Deaths Disc Image
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Chapter 18 Temperature-Related Deat
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Hypothermia 471 constrict, thus con
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Hypothermia 473 Fig. 18.3 Prominent
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Hyperthermia 475 Toxicology testing
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Hyperthermia 477 Fig. 18.8 A 24-yea
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Selected References 479 disease. In
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Chapter 19 Burns and Fire-Related D
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Introduction 483 Fig. 19.3 Example
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Burn Types 485 Fig. 19.5 A postmort
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Burn Types 487 Chemical Burns As me
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Fire Deaths 489 Fire burns represen
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Fire Deaths 491 Fig. 19.11 Dense so
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Fire Deaths 493 Fig. 19.13 Multiple
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Fire Deaths 495 a CO test or an ins
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Fire Deaths 497 Fig. 19.20 Atrue an
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Disc Image Legends 499 Disc Image L
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Chapter 20 Deaths in Infancy and Ch
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Birth-Related Infant Deaths 507 abr
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Infant Deaths 509 Fig. 20.3 A diaph
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Infant Deaths 511 Fig. 20.6 The pre
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Natural Death in Childhood 513 path
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Accidental Childhood Deaths 515 pon
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 517 occu
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 519 Fig.
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 521 in a
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Classification of Childhood Homicid
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Pediatric Autopsy Considerations 53
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Disc Image Legends 535 Disc Image L
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Selected References 537 Selected Re
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540 21 Miscellaneous Topics Aircraf
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542 21 Miscellaneous Topics CAMI to
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544 21 Miscellaneous Topics To summ
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546 21 Miscellaneous Topics typical
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548 21 Miscellaneous Topics quite o
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550 21 Miscellaneous Topics Fig. 21
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552 21 Miscellaneous Topics The emb
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554 21 Miscellaneous Topics various
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556 21 Miscellaneous Topics stress
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560 21 Miscellaneous Topics ampheta
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562 21 Miscellaneous Topics victim
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564 21 Miscellaneous Topics more se
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568 21 Miscellaneous Topics Organ a
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572 21 Miscellaneous Topics region
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574 21 Miscellaneous Topics Regardi
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576 21 Miscellaneous Topics and lar
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578 21 Miscellaneous Topics some wo
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Page 619 and 620: Appendix: Additional Resources and
Page 621 and 622: Index Note: The letters ‘f’ and
Page 623 and 624: Index 597 Arnold-Chiari malformatio
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Page 637 and 638: Index 611 brain, serially-sectioned
Page 639 and 640: Index 613 Gestational DM, 247 Gesta
Page 641 and 642: Index 615 Homicide(s), 444 by heart
Page 643 and 644: Index 617 Infant death, 501-502, 50
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Page 647 and 648: Index 621 CNS, 223-229 cerebral pal
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Page 653 and 654: Index 627 industrial settings, 486
Page 655: Index 629 Smoke and soot inhalation
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