Forensic Pathology for Police - Brainshare Public Online Library

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618 Index Lacerations (cont.) liver lacerations, 308f scalp with jagged appearance, 306f tissue bridging, 305 Lands, see Rifled, weapons/ammunition types Laporatomy, surgical incision of abdomen, 397 Laryngeal spasm, 434 Laryngospasm, see Laryngeal spasm Lassa virus, 582 Left-sided/right-sided heart failure, 211 Lethal arrhythmias (irregular rhythms), heart, 143, 220 Letulle (en masse) method, 142 See also Rokitansky method Leukemia/lymphoma, 241–242 acute/chronic leukemias, 241 fluid malignancies, 241 Hodgkin disease/non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 241 Leukemias, acute/chronic, 241 Leukocytes, see White blood cells (wbcs) LH, see Luteinizing hormone (LH) Libman–Sacks endocarditis, 219 Lifestyle factors, 205 Ligature strangulation, 412, 415–419 conjunctival petechiae, 417 Lightning arc marks, 461 classic arborescent (fern-like) lightning strike patterned injury, 463f side flash,” 461 Liividity (livor mortis), 164f after several hours, 165f Listeria (bacteria), 566 Livor mortis, 56, 67, 94, 134, 163–165, 167, 179, 262, 472, 546 “blanching,” 164 “cardinal signs of death,” 163 character and/or color of, 165–166 “dependent hypostasis,” 164 lividity (livor mortis), 164f after several hours, 165f tardieu spots (hemorrhage), 165, 165f See also Postmortem changes Localized autoimmune disorders, 241 Long bones, 94, 95f growth, 95f Long QT syndrome, 222 Long-term insulin replacement therapy, 248, 288 Lophophora williamsii, 283 “Low salt vitreous electrolyte pattern,” 247, 270, 573 LSD, see Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Lung or systemic disorders, 211 Luteinizing hormone (LH), 117, 122, 243 Lymphocyte, 7f types, 113 Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), 282–284, 296, 559 M Maceration, 503–505 fetal, characterized by skin discoloration and slippage, 504 See also Stillbirths Malignant cerebral edema, 320, 323 Malignant hyperthermia syndromes, 475 Mallory–Weiss tears, 238 Malnutrition and starvation, 563–564 kwashiorkor, 563 marasmus, 563 PEM, 563 starved, elderly individual, 564f Malnutrition, primary/secondary, 562 “Manmade” electricity, 450 AC, 450 DC, 450 Manner of death (MOD), 63, 66f, 71, 226, 268, 446–447, 446f accidental deaths, 72 accidental drownings, 446 bathtub drownings, 446 choices, 71 “hit and run” deaths, 76 homicidal drownings, 446 issues, 73, 76 ruling, 71 autopsy/investigation, 71 suicidal drowning deaths, 446 swimming pools or other bodies of water, 446 therapeutic complication, 78 unclassified MOD, 78 Manual strangulation, 417–418 MAOIs, see Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Marasmus, 563 Marbling, 170, 171f Marburg virus, 582 Marfan syndrome, 216, 220, 250–251 Mass disaster drills, 561 Mass fatality incidents, 61, 541, 555, 560–561 decontamination, concept of, 561 D-MORT, 540, 561 Indian Ocean tsunami, 560 mass disaster drills, 561
Index 619 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), 487 Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), 247 MCA, see Middle cerebral artery (MCA) MCF, see Middle cranial fossa (MCF) MDA, see Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) MDMA, see 3,4methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Mechanical asphyxia, 408–410, 409f traumatic compression, 409f Mechanism of death, 63, 68 “but for” rule, 69 examples, 69 fire deaths, 496–497 cyanide gases, 497 “flash fires,”, 497 “simple asphyxia,” 497 thermal injuries, 497 true antemortem (occurring before death) head injury, 497f Mechanism of injury, 366–367 “stopping power,” 366 “temporary cavity,” 367 Meckel’s diverticulum (Congenital Anomalies), 236, 238 Meconium aspiration, 230 Mediastinum, thymus, 92, 115 See also Reticuloendothelial system Medical examiner investigator, 52, 133 See also Death investigator Medical examiner (ME) systems, 4, 12, 36, 40, 46, 50–54, 52–53, 65–66, 130, 133, 157, 158, 200, 508, 540, 568, 570, 576, 581 lay death investigators, 36, 52 Medical specialties, 3, 5t types/categories medical (non-surgical), 3 miscellaneous, 4 surgical, 4 Medicolegal death investigation system, 186, 235 Medullary bone, 94, 95 “Mee’s lines,” chronic toxicity, 294 Meninges membrane, see Arachnoid membrane Meningitis, 72, 208, 224, 514, 574 “Metabolism,” toxicology issues, 263 Metabolite, 264, 276–277, 282–283 “Metallization,” 459 black/purple discoloration, 459 “nuclear streaming,” 459 Metaphysis, 94 Metaplasia, 206 Methathinone, 273 Methyl-2,5-dimethyoxyamphetamine (DOM), 273 Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 273 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 273–274, 284 Methylphenidate (Ritalin), 273 Microlacerations, see Microtears Microscopic anatomy, 3, 4t, 7, 81, 90, 154 See also Histology Microscopic brain injuries, 320–321 Microtears, 346 Microtome, 9f Middle cerebral artery (MCA), 103 Middle cranial fossa (MCF), 102, 314, 439 Miliaria, 177 Miscellaneous issues death issues, manner of, 369–370 accidents, 370 homicides, 369 suicides, 369 internal examination, 362–366 internal beveling, 363 penetrating wound, 362 perforating wound, 362 periorbital ecchymosis, 363 Missile/projectile injuries, 379 Mitochondria, 27, 247 Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 219–220, 251 See also Valve disorders Mixed drug intoxication, 267 Mixed systems, 50–53 types, 53 MOD issues NAME, 76 guidelines, 76 MODY, see Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 286 Morbid obesity, 563f Mosquito bite/Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 208 Motor vehicle collisions, death cases, 327, 516 MSDS, see Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Multi-organ failure, MOD, 69 Multiple brain abscesses, 224
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Forensic Pathology for Police, Deat
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Joseph Prahlow Indiana University S
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vi Dedication accepted the free gif
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viii Foreword quality photographs i
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x Acknowledgements Counties, as wel
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Contents Part I Introductory Topics
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Contents xv Hepatobiliary System .
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Contents xvii RespiratorySystem....
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Contents xix Mercury ..............
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Contents xxi Strangulation . ......
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Contents xxiii Negligence/Neglect .
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About the Author Joseph A. Prahlow,
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathology
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Introduction to Pathology 5 Table 1
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Introduction to Pathology 7 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 9 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 11 Fig. 1
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Introduction to Pathology 13 Fig. 1
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Selected References 15 Disc Image L
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18 2 Introduction to Forensic Scien
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Chapter 3 Introduction to Forensic
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Duties of the Forensic Pathologist
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Selected References 47 Selected Ref
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50 4 Death Investigation Death Inve
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52 4 Death Investigation met in ord
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54 4 Death Investigation leading to
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56 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.2 A
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58 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.5 P
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60 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.9 I
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62 4 Death Investigation apartment
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64 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.1 A
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66 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.4 A
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68 5 Death Certification latter, th
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70 5 Death Certification infrequent
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72 5 Death Certification changes in
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74 5 Death Certification suicides.
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76 5 Death Certification death is i
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78 5 Death Certification use involv
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Chapter 6 Overview of Anatomy and P
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Introduction 83 Table 6.1 (continue
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Introduction 89 Term Definition Tab
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Introduction 91 “mucous membranes
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Specific Organ Systems 93 functions
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Specific Organ Systems 95 Fig. 6.2
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Specific Organ Systems 97 Microscop
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Specific Organ Systems 107 respirat
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Specific Organ Systems 111 water co
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Specific Organ Systems 115 Platelet
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Disc Image Legends 125 Disc Image 6
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Part II General Topics in Forensic
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130 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes and Ti
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Early Postmortem Changes 165 Fig. 8
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Early Postmortem Changes 167 can be
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Decomposition 169 exposed to sunlig
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Decomposition 171 Fig. 8.8 As decom
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Decomposition 173 Fig. 8.12 As deco
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Decomposition 175 Fig. 8.16 If flie
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Postmortem Injuries 177 Fig. 8.20 I
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Time of Death Estimation 179 Time o
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Time of Death Estimation 181 Fig. 8
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Chapter 9 Identification of Human R
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Introduction 187 Fig. 9.2 Badly dec
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Common, Non-scientific Methods of I
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Unidentified Remains 199 Fig. 9.16
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Selected References 201 Disc Image
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Chapter 10 Natural Deaths One man d
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Infectious Disease 207 to as “hyp
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Cardiovascular System 209 refers to
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Cardiovascular System 211 related t
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Cardiovascular System 213 heart int
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Cardiovascular System 215 Aortic An
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Cardiovascular System 217 Vasculiti
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Cardiovascular System 219 Valve Dis
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Cardiovascular System 221 Fig. 10.1
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Central Nervous System 223 Neoplast
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Central Nervous System 225 Viral en
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Central Nervous System 227 Spontane
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Respiratory System 229 Fig. 10.18 T
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Respiratory System 231 Pulmonary Th
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Respiratory System 233 identificati
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Respiratory System 235 Chronic Lung
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Reticuloendothelial and Immune Syst
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Endocrine System 243 infection, dis
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Multisystem and Other Disorders 245
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Selected References 255 Fineschi V,
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258 11 Drug-Related and Toxin-Relat
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Chapter 12 Blunt Force Injury Death
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Classification of Blunt Force Injur
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Blunt Force Head and Neck Trauma 31
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Special Topics Related to Blunt For
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Selected References 335 Toro K, Szl
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338 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths shotgun
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340 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Fig. 13
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346 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths targets
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348 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths (a) (b)
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350 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Image 1
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354 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Miscell
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362 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths may be
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368 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths X-Rays
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370 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths left-ha
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372 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths NYCLAD
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374 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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376 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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Chapter 14 Sharp Force Injury Death
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Stab Wounds 381 to describe the sha
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Stab Wounds 383 describing “clust
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Incised Wounds 385 Fig. 14.9 A supe
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Incised Wounds 387 Although knives
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Special Issues 389 Fig. 14.16 A sta
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Special Issues 391 Defensive Wounds
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Special Issues 393 disorders; howev
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Special Issues 395 area of “radio
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Special Issues 397 Artifacts A fina
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Selected References 399 Disc Image
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Chapter 15 Asphyxial Deaths So Juda
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Suffocation 403 Fig. 15.1 Petechiae
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Suffocation 405 Certification of th
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Suffocation 407 usual occluding sub
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Suffocation 409 being able to expan
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Neck Compression (Strangulation) 41
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Chemical Asphyxia 419 the object ha
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Chemical Asphyxia 421 Fig. 15.21 A
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Other Issues 423 to function proper
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Other Issues 425 (a) (b) Fig. 15.24
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Other Issues 427 the arms/hands bou
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Selected References 431 Prahlow JA,
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434 16 Drowning Physiology and Mech
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436 16 Drowning Fig. 16.2 Thedriver
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438 16 Drowning Fig. 16.4 “Cadave
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440 16 Drowning Finding water withi
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442 16 Drowning Fig. 16.10 Marked d
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444 16 Drowning Fig. 16.14 True ant
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446 16 Drowning Manner of Death A l
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448 16 Drowning Pachar JV, Cameron
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450 17 Electrical Deaths Fig. 17.1
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452 17 Electrical Deaths required f
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454 17 Electrical Deaths death (Fig
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466 17 Electrical Deaths Disc Image
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Chapter 18 Temperature-Related Deat
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Hypothermia 471 constrict, thus con
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Hypothermia 473 Fig. 18.3 Prominent
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Hyperthermia 475 Toxicology testing
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Hyperthermia 477 Fig. 18.8 A 24-yea
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Selected References 479 disease. In
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Chapter 19 Burns and Fire-Related D
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Introduction 483 Fig. 19.3 Example
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Burn Types 485 Fig. 19.5 A postmort
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Burn Types 487 Chemical Burns As me
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Fire Deaths 489 Fire burns represen
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Fire Deaths 491 Fig. 19.11 Dense so
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Fire Deaths 493 Fig. 19.13 Multiple
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Fire Deaths 495 a CO test or an ins
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Fire Deaths 497 Fig. 19.20 Atrue an
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Disc Image Legends 499 Disc Image L
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Chapter 20 Deaths in Infancy and Ch
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Birth-Related Infant Deaths 507 abr
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Infant Deaths 509 Fig. 20.3 A diaph
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Infant Deaths 511 Fig. 20.6 The pre
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Natural Death in Childhood 513 path
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Accidental Childhood Deaths 515 pon
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 517 occu
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 519 Fig.
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 521 in a
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Classification of Childhood Homicid
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Pediatric Autopsy Considerations 53
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Disc Image Legends 535 Disc Image L
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Selected References 537 Selected Re
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540 21 Miscellaneous Topics Aircraf
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542 21 Miscellaneous Topics CAMI to
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544 21 Miscellaneous Topics To summ
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546 21 Miscellaneous Topics typical
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548 21 Miscellaneous Topics quite o
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550 21 Miscellaneous Topics Fig. 21
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552 21 Miscellaneous Topics The emb
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554 21 Miscellaneous Topics various
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556 21 Miscellaneous Topics stress
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560 21 Miscellaneous Topics ampheta
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562 21 Miscellaneous Topics victim
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564 21 Miscellaneous Topics more se
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Page 621 and 622: Index Note: The letters ‘f’ and
Page 623 and 624: Index 597 Arnold-Chiari malformatio
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Page 641 and 642: Index 615 Homicide(s), 444 by heart
Page 643: Index 617 Infant death, 501-502, 50
Page 647 and 648: Index 621 CNS, 223-229 cerebral pal
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Page 651 and 652: Index 625 Pregnancy-related materna
Page 653 and 654: Index 627 industrial settings, 486
Page 655 and 656: Index 629 Smoke and soot inhalation
Page 657 and 658: Index 631 Thrombophlebitis, inflamm
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