Forensic Pathology for Police - Brainshare Public Online Library

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598 Index Autopsy (cont.) laboratory testing, 39 microbiology testing, 39 radiologic examination, 39 retention of organs for further study, 39 toxicology testing, 39 artifacts, 495–496 classic heat induced artifact, 495 heat-induced, artifactual epidural hemorrhage, 496f heat-induced skull fracture, 496f skin splitting, 495 traumatic injuries, 495 complete vs. limited autopsy, 39 external examination, 37, 38f, 492–493 bright red lividity, 492 clouding of the corneas, 492 fasciotomy incisions, 492 photography, means of documentation, 39, 132f postmortem flexion, 492 preliminary identification, 492 pugilistic posture, 492 tissue debridement, 492 X-ray examination, 492 internal examination, 37, 39f, 493 heat-fixed/cooked, 493 postmortem burning, 493 toxicology, 494–495 blood samples for CO testing, 494 collecting other tissues, 494 Autopsy assistants, 155, 158 role of, variability in, 158 Autopsy findings high voltage dark pinpoint “spark,” 457 high-voltage electrical burn on index finger and thumb, 458f low voltage electrical burns, 456 electrocution deaths in water, 455 other features electrical petechiae, 460 Autopsy pathology basic types forensic (medicolegal), 11, 12–13, 130t hospital (medical), 11–12 process of autopsy, 11 Autopsy performance standards, 159 Autopsy, psychological, 22 AVM, see Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) AV node, see Atrioventricular (AV) node Avulsions, 302, 310 avulsion injury of the skin on face, 311f decapitation injury, 311f B BAC, see Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), 581 Bacterial brain abscesses, 224 Bacterial endocarditis, see Infective endocarditis Bacterial meningitis, 72, 208, 514 Bacterial pneumonia, 205, 231–232 lobar/bronchopneumonia, 231 Basilar skull with ACF/MCF/PCF, 102, 103f Bathtub drownings, 446, 446f Battery-operated electrical devices, 451 BE, see Benzoylecgonine (BE) Benzoylecgonine (BE), 276–277 Billiard ball effect, 360 Biologic (terrorist) agents, 581–582 Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), 581 Clostridium botulinum (botulism), 582 dengue fever, 582 Ebola virus, 582 Francisella tularensis (tularemia), 582 Hantaan virus, 582 hemorrhagic mediastinal lymphadenitis, 581 Lassa virus, 582 Marburg virus, 582 Variola virus (orthopoxvirus), 582 yellow fever, 582 Yersinia pestis (plague), 582 Birth-related infant deaths asphyxia, 506 trauma, 506 Black (or brown) tar heroin, 280f Blanching, 164, 415, 458 Blast injuries, categories of, 554 Bleeding esophageal varices (hematemesis), 237, 238f Blistering agents, 488, 582 Bloated individual, advanced decomposition stage, 173f Blood alcohol concentration (BAC), 270–271 Blood spatter analysis, 29, 30f Blood spot card, 28, 194, 195f Blue black discoloration, 473 Blunt force injury deaths, 301 aircraft fatalities, 330 control injuries, 330 blunt force head/neck trauma, 310–322 blunt force head injury, 312f
Index 599 closed head injuries, 311 craniocerebral trauma, 311 epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, 315–316, 317–320, 320–321 neck, spinal cord/vertebral artery injuries, 321–322 skin/mucosal injuries, 312 skull/facial bone injuries, 313–314 subcutaneous injuries, 312–313 blunt force trauma, death in, 322–323 classification, 302–310 abrasions, 302–303 avulsions, 310 contusions, 304–305 fractures, 308–310 lacerations, 305–306 clothing examination, 327 defensive injuries, 331 falls/jumps from heights, 331 massive body trauma, 331 multiple traumatic injuries, 331f motor vehicle collisions dicing injuries, 327 dicing injuries on the left cheek, 329f impact with a steering wheel, 328f injury in driver-side seatbelt shoulder strap, 328f patterned injuries, 325–326 pedestrians, 329–330 homicides, 330 tire track marks on a murder victim, 330, 330f Blunt force trauma, death in, 322–323 abrasion in a blunt impact, 326f cardiac tamponade, 323 commotio cerebri, 323 hemopericardium, 322 hemothorax, 323 malignant cerebral edema, 323 pneumothorax, 323 pulmonary embolism, 324 pulmonary thromboemboli evident, 325f sepsis, 324 tissue perfusion, 322 tram track injury, 325f Body cooling, 56, 67 Body mass index (BMI), 563 Body packing syndrome, 262, 277 Body stuffing syndrome, 262, 277 Bone marrow and fat emboli, 548 fat embolism syndrome, 548 Bone saw, 138, 139f, 147, 151, 534 Bones, joints, and soft tissues, 245 inflammatory joint disorders (arthritis), 245 osteoarthritis (a wear and tear disorder), 245 osteomyelitis, 245 primary bone cancers, 245 rheumatoid arthritis, 245 sarcomas, 245 Boxer’s stance, 492 Brain, bacterial infections in brain abscess, 224 meningitis, 224 Brain death, 67, 434, 548, 568 Brain, nervous system, 98–102, 100f–101f brainstem, 102 cerebellum, 101 cerebrum, 98, 101f CSF, 101 Breakdown product, see Metabolite Bridging veins, 98, 99f, 103, 316 Bright red-pink discoloration of livor mortis, 472 Bronchial asthma, 233 Bronchopneumonia, 231, 473–474 Bruises, see Contusions, Blunt force injury deaths Bucket-handle/corner fractures, 309 Bullet and other foreign body emboli, 550 Burns and fire-related deaths, 481–498 burn types, 484–489 chemical burns, 487–488 dry burns, 484 fire-related burns, 488–489 radiant burns, 484–485 scald burns, 485–486 fire deaths, 489–498 autopsy, 492–496 death certification, 497–498 fire investigation, 498 mechanism of death, 496–497 general percentages of listed body regions, 484 metabolic complications, 483 rule of nines, (forensic pathologists), 484 Burn severity first degree burns (erythema), 482, 482f fourth degree burns (charring of skin), 482, 483f extensive skin-splitting, 495f multiple burn severities, 493f second degree burns (blisters/skin slippage), 482, 482f
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Forensic Pathology for Police, Deat
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Joseph Prahlow Indiana University S
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vi Dedication accepted the free gif
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viii Foreword quality photographs i
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x Acknowledgements Counties, as wel
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Contents Part I Introductory Topics
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Contents xv Hepatobiliary System .
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Contents xvii RespiratorySystem....
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Contents xix Mercury ..............
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Contents xxi Strangulation . ......
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Contents xxiii Negligence/Neglect .
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About the Author Joseph A. Prahlow,
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathology
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Introduction to Pathology 5 Table 1
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Introduction to Pathology 7 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 9 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 11 Fig. 1
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Introduction to Pathology 13 Fig. 1
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Selected References 15 Disc Image L
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18 2 Introduction to Forensic Scien
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Chapter 3 Introduction to Forensic
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Duties of the Forensic Pathologist
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Selected References 47 Selected Ref
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50 4 Death Investigation Death Inve
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52 4 Death Investigation met in ord
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54 4 Death Investigation leading to
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56 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.2 A
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58 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.5 P
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60 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.9 I
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62 4 Death Investigation apartment
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64 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.1 A
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66 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.4 A
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68 5 Death Certification latter, th
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70 5 Death Certification infrequent
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72 5 Death Certification changes in
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74 5 Death Certification suicides.
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76 5 Death Certification death is i
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78 5 Death Certification use involv
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Chapter 6 Overview of Anatomy and P
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Introduction 83 Table 6.1 (continue
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Introduction 89 Term Definition Tab
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Introduction 91 “mucous membranes
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Specific Organ Systems 93 functions
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Specific Organ Systems 95 Fig. 6.2
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Specific Organ Systems 97 Microscop
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Specific Organ Systems 107 respirat
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Specific Organ Systems 111 water co
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Specific Organ Systems 115 Platelet
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Disc Image Legends 125 Disc Image 6
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Part II General Topics in Forensic
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130 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes and Ti
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Early Postmortem Changes 165 Fig. 8
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Early Postmortem Changes 167 can be
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Decomposition 169 exposed to sunlig
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Decomposition 171 Fig. 8.8 As decom
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Decomposition 173 Fig. 8.12 As deco
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Decomposition 175 Fig. 8.16 If flie
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Postmortem Injuries 177 Fig. 8.20 I
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Time of Death Estimation 179 Time o
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Time of Death Estimation 181 Fig. 8
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Chapter 9 Identification of Human R
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Introduction 187 Fig. 9.2 Badly dec
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Common, Non-scientific Methods of I
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Unidentified Remains 199 Fig. 9.16
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Selected References 201 Disc Image
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Chapter 10 Natural Deaths One man d
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Infectious Disease 207 to as “hyp
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Cardiovascular System 209 refers to
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Cardiovascular System 211 related t
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Cardiovascular System 213 heart int
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Cardiovascular System 215 Aortic An
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Cardiovascular System 217 Vasculiti
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Cardiovascular System 219 Valve Dis
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Cardiovascular System 221 Fig. 10.1
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Central Nervous System 223 Neoplast
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Central Nervous System 225 Viral en
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Central Nervous System 227 Spontane
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Respiratory System 229 Fig. 10.18 T
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Respiratory System 231 Pulmonary Th
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Respiratory System 233 identificati
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Respiratory System 235 Chronic Lung
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Reticuloendothelial and Immune Syst
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Endocrine System 243 infection, dis
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Multisystem and Other Disorders 245
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Selected References 255 Fineschi V,
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258 11 Drug-Related and Toxin-Relat
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Chapter 12 Blunt Force Injury Death
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Classification of Blunt Force Injur
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Blunt Force Head and Neck Trauma 31
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Special Topics Related to Blunt For
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Selected References 335 Toro K, Szl
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338 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths shotgun
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340 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Fig. 13
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346 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths targets
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348 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths (a) (b)
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350 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Image 1
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354 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Miscell
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362 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths may be
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368 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths X-Rays
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370 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths left-ha
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372 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths NYCLAD
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374 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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376 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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Chapter 14 Sharp Force Injury Death
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Stab Wounds 381 to describe the sha
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Stab Wounds 383 describing “clust
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Incised Wounds 385 Fig. 14.9 A supe
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Incised Wounds 387 Although knives
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Special Issues 389 Fig. 14.16 A sta
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Special Issues 391 Defensive Wounds
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Special Issues 393 disorders; howev
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Special Issues 395 area of “radio
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Special Issues 397 Artifacts A fina
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Selected References 399 Disc Image
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Chapter 15 Asphyxial Deaths So Juda
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Suffocation 403 Fig. 15.1 Petechiae
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Suffocation 405 Certification of th
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Suffocation 407 usual occluding sub
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Suffocation 409 being able to expan
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Neck Compression (Strangulation) 41
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Chemical Asphyxia 419 the object ha
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Chemical Asphyxia 421 Fig. 15.21 A
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Other Issues 423 to function proper
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Other Issues 425 (a) (b) Fig. 15.24
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Other Issues 427 the arms/hands bou
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Selected References 431 Prahlow JA,
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434 16 Drowning Physiology and Mech
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436 16 Drowning Fig. 16.2 Thedriver
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438 16 Drowning Fig. 16.4 “Cadave
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440 16 Drowning Finding water withi
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442 16 Drowning Fig. 16.10 Marked d
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444 16 Drowning Fig. 16.14 True ant
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446 16 Drowning Manner of Death A l
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448 16 Drowning Pachar JV, Cameron
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450 17 Electrical Deaths Fig. 17.1
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452 17 Electrical Deaths required f
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454 17 Electrical Deaths death (Fig
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466 17 Electrical Deaths Disc Image
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Chapter 18 Temperature-Related Deat
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Hypothermia 471 constrict, thus con
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Hypothermia 473 Fig. 18.3 Prominent
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Hyperthermia 475 Toxicology testing
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Hyperthermia 477 Fig. 18.8 A 24-yea
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Selected References 479 disease. In
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Chapter 19 Burns and Fire-Related D
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Introduction 483 Fig. 19.3 Example
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Burn Types 485 Fig. 19.5 A postmort
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Burn Types 487 Chemical Burns As me
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Fire Deaths 489 Fire burns represen
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Fire Deaths 491 Fig. 19.11 Dense so
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Fire Deaths 493 Fig. 19.13 Multiple
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Fire Deaths 495 a CO test or an ins
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Fire Deaths 497 Fig. 19.20 Atrue an
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Disc Image Legends 499 Disc Image L
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Chapter 20 Deaths in Infancy and Ch
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Birth-Related Infant Deaths 507 abr
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Infant Deaths 509 Fig. 20.3 A diaph
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Infant Deaths 511 Fig. 20.6 The pre
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Natural Death in Childhood 513 path
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Accidental Childhood Deaths 515 pon
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 517 occu
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 519 Fig.
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 521 in a
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Classification of Childhood Homicid
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Pediatric Autopsy Considerations 53
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Disc Image Legends 535 Disc Image L
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Selected References 537 Selected Re
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540 21 Miscellaneous Topics Aircraf
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542 21 Miscellaneous Topics CAMI to
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544 21 Miscellaneous Topics To summ
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546 21 Miscellaneous Topics typical
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Page 619 and 620: Appendix: Additional Resources and
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Page 637 and 638: Index 611 brain, serially-sectioned
Page 639 and 640: Index 613 Gestational DM, 247 Gesta
Page 641 and 642: Index 615 Homicide(s), 444 by heart
Page 643 and 644: Index 617 Infant death, 501-502, 50
Page 645 and 646: Index 619 Material Safety Data Shee
Page 647 and 648: Index 621 CNS, 223-229 cerebral pal
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Page 653 and 654: Index 627 industrial settings, 486
Page 655 and 656: Index 629 Smoke and soot inhalation
Page 657 and 658: Index 631 Thrombophlebitis, inflamm
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