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602 Index Chemical warfare agents phosgene oxime (CX)/vesicants, 487 skin blistering, 487 sulfur mustard/lewisite, 487 Chemistry tests, postmortem, 572–574, 573t electrolytes, 572 glucose, 572 low salt vitreous electrolyte pattern, 573, 573t nitrogen compounds, 572 Childhood deaths accidental in adolescents, 515 in infants, 514 in older children, 515 toddler hanging by mini-blind cord, 515f in toddlers, 514–515 deaths in infancy, 501 deaths of older children(adolescents), 501 deaths of young children, 501 neonatal deaths, 501 natural death types of cancer, 513 Childhood homicides, classification, 526 acute psychosis, 530 altruism, 530 drug and alcohol abuse, 532 euthanasia (true mercy killing), 531 innocent bystander, 532 Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy, 529 negligence/neglect, 527 postpartum mental disorder, 530 sadistic acts of punishment, 528 seizure disorder, 532 sexual abuse, 531 spouse revenge, 530 unwanted child, 529 unwanted pregnancy (neonaticide), 529 violent older child, 532 violent outburst (angry impulse), 527 Choke-hold, 419, 425 Choking deaths, 406–408, 406f, 407f accidental, scenario, 406–407 game, 424–425, 426f homicidal/natural/suicidal, 407 internal airway obstruction, 406f–408f Chop wounds, 379, 388 of scalp, 388f Chromosomal disorders, 250 cri-du-chat syndrome, 250 deletion syndromes, 250 Down syndrome, 250 Edwards syndrome, 250 Klinefelter syndrome, 250 Patau syndrome, 250 sex chromosome abnormalities, 250 trisomy syndromes, 250 Turner syndrome, 250 Chromosomes, 27 base-pair sequence, 28 46 chromosomes, human body, 27 22 pairs of autosomes/1pair of sex chromosomes, 27 single X/single Y chromosome, males, 27 two X chromosomes, females, 27 Chronic alcohol abuse, 268 Chronic alcoholism, 71, 235, 237, 240, 246–247, 268, 270, 563–564 CPM, 246 ethanol-induced dilated cardiomyopathy, 247 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 247 Chronic asthmatic bronchitis, 233 Chronic blood loss (anemia), 236 Chronic brain injury, 232 Chronic hypoxia/right-sided heart failure, 234 Chronic intravenous drug abuse, complications, 268 Chronic lung disease, 235 chronic alcoholism or chronic drug abuse, 235 interstitial lung diseases/pneumoconiosis, 235 occupational lung diseases, 235 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 234–235 alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, 234 chronic hypoxia/right-sided heart failure, 234 emphysema/chronic bronchitis/ bronchiectasis, 234 Chronic pancreatitis, 240 Chronic seizure disorder, 225 Ciguatera, 567 Cingulate gyrus herniation/subfalcine herniation, 319 Circle of Willis, 103 See also Skull, nervous system Circumferential marginal abrasion, 344, 358 Circumstantial identification, 198 Cirrhosis/esophageal varices, 237–238 bleeding esophageal varices (hematemesis), 237, 238f
Index 603 liver demonstrating cirrhosis, nodularity in, 237f portal hypertension, 237 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 237 Civil Aeromedical Institute (CAMI), 540, 542 CJD, see Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD) Clinical forensic medicine, 35–36 Clinical pathology (CP), 6, 13–14, 14t, 43, 45, 223–224 Closed head injuries, 311–312 Clostridium botulinum (botulism), 582 Clothing examination, 327, 368, 383, 390, 457–458 hit-and-run pedestrian death, importance in, 134 CMV, see Cytomegalovirus (CMV) CNS, see Central nervous system (CNS) Cocaine, amphetamines substances, 275–277 benzoylecgonine (BE), 276 cocaine-induced excited delirium, 276f crack cocaine in pocket of homicide, 275f crack pipe along with disposable lighter, 277f erythroxylon coca, 275 excited delirium, 276 Cocaine intoxication, 69, 267 COD, see Cause of death (COD) Collagen vascular diseases, 241 The College of American Pathologists (CAP), 14, 44 Columnar epithelium, 93 Combination asphyxial deaths, 427–428 Combined intoxication with cocaine and heroin, see Combined toxic effects of multiple drugs Combined toxic effects of multiple drugs, 267 Commensal organisms or normal flora, 111, 207 Commotio cerebri, 323 Complement deficiency syndromes, 242 Complete vs. limited autopsy, 39 Compromised immune system, 225, 242 Computer forensics, 30–31 Conducted, energy devices/electrical weapons, 464 Conduction system, 91, 104, 144, 207, 214, 222–223, 469–470, 556 abnormalities, 222 cardiac conduction system abnormalities, 222 cardiac electric disorders, 222 ECG or EKG, 222 long QT syndrome, 222 Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, 222 Congenital anomalies, 143, 207, 223, 229–230, 236, 238, 508 anencephaly, 223 Arnold–Chiari malformation, 223 Dandy–Walker abnormality, 223 GI/liver systems, 236 Hirschprung disease, 236 holoprosencephaly, 223 incidental/internal anomalies, 236 Meckel’s diverticulum, 236 potentially lethal defects, 236 spina bifida, 223 tracheal bronchus, 230 Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 508 Congenital disorder, 210, 227, 514 Congenital heart disease, 209–210, 214, 576 ASD/PDA/VSD, 209 congenitally bicuspid aortic valve, 210 examples, 209–210 myocardial hypoxia, 210 systemic cyanosis, 209 Congenitally bicuspid aortic valve, 210 Congestive heart failure, 210–211, 231, 289 inefficient pumping, cause, 210 left/right-sided heart failure, 211 lung, or systemic disorders, 211 Congo red stain, 246 Connective tissue diseases, 241 Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 578, 586 Contral pontine myelinolysis (CPM), 246, 270 Contrecoup contusion, 318–319 Control surface injuries, 542 Contusions, blunt force injury deaths, 304 contusion of the chest, 304f ecchymosis, 304 mastoid process, 304 Convection, 469–470 COPD, see Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) CO poisoning, 420f, 421 Corneas, clouded, 168 Corner fractures, 309 Coronary artery atherosclerosis, 211–214, 277, 437, 576 CABG surgery, 214 calcified coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques, 213 cardiac tamponade, 213 hemopericardium, 213 invasive therapies, 213
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Forensic Pathology for Police, Deat
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Joseph Prahlow Indiana University S
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vi Dedication accepted the free gif
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viii Foreword quality photographs i
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x Acknowledgements Counties, as wel
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Contents Part I Introductory Topics
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Contents xv Hepatobiliary System .
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Contents xvii RespiratorySystem....
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Contents xix Mercury ..............
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Contents xxi Strangulation . ......
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Contents xxiii Negligence/Neglect .
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About the Author Joseph A. Prahlow,
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathology
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Introduction to Pathology 5 Table 1
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Introduction to Pathology 7 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 9 Fig. 1.
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Introduction to Pathology 11 Fig. 1
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Introduction to Pathology 13 Fig. 1
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Selected References 15 Disc Image L
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18 2 Introduction to Forensic Scien
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Chapter 3 Introduction to Forensic
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Duties of the Forensic Pathologist
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Selected References 47 Selected Ref
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50 4 Death Investigation Death Inve
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52 4 Death Investigation met in ord
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54 4 Death Investigation leading to
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56 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.2 A
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58 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.5 P
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60 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.9 I
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62 4 Death Investigation apartment
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64 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.1 A
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66 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.4 A
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68 5 Death Certification latter, th
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70 5 Death Certification infrequent
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72 5 Death Certification changes in
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74 5 Death Certification suicides.
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76 5 Death Certification death is i
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78 5 Death Certification use involv
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Chapter 6 Overview of Anatomy and P
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Introduction 83 Table 6.1 (continue
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Introduction 89 Term Definition Tab
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Introduction 91 “mucous membranes
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Specific Organ Systems 93 functions
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Specific Organ Systems 95 Fig. 6.2
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Specific Organ Systems 97 Microscop
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Specific Organ Systems 107 respirat
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Specific Organ Systems 111 water co
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Specific Organ Systems 115 Platelet
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Disc Image Legends 125 Disc Image 6
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Part II General Topics in Forensic
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130 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes and Ti
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Early Postmortem Changes 165 Fig. 8
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Early Postmortem Changes 167 can be
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Decomposition 169 exposed to sunlig
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Decomposition 171 Fig. 8.8 As decom
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Decomposition 173 Fig. 8.12 As deco
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Decomposition 175 Fig. 8.16 If flie
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Postmortem Injuries 177 Fig. 8.20 I
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Time of Death Estimation 179 Time o
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Time of Death Estimation 181 Fig. 8
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Chapter 9 Identification of Human R
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Introduction 187 Fig. 9.2 Badly dec
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Common, Non-scientific Methods of I
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Unidentified Remains 199 Fig. 9.16
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Selected References 201 Disc Image
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Chapter 10 Natural Deaths One man d
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Infectious Disease 207 to as “hyp
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Cardiovascular System 209 refers to
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Cardiovascular System 211 related t
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Cardiovascular System 213 heart int
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Cardiovascular System 215 Aortic An
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Cardiovascular System 217 Vasculiti
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Cardiovascular System 219 Valve Dis
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Cardiovascular System 221 Fig. 10.1
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Central Nervous System 223 Neoplast
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Central Nervous System 225 Viral en
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Central Nervous System 227 Spontane
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Respiratory System 229 Fig. 10.18 T
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Respiratory System 231 Pulmonary Th
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Respiratory System 233 identificati
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Respiratory System 235 Chronic Lung
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Reticuloendothelial and Immune Syst
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Endocrine System 243 infection, dis
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Multisystem and Other Disorders 245
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Selected References 255 Fineschi V,
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258 11 Drug-Related and Toxin-Relat
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Chapter 12 Blunt Force Injury Death
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Classification of Blunt Force Injur
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Blunt Force Head and Neck Trauma 31
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Special Topics Related to Blunt For
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Selected References 335 Toro K, Szl
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338 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths shotgun
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340 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Fig. 13
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346 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths targets
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348 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths (a) (b)
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350 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Image 1
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354 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Miscell
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362 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths may be
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368 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths X-Rays
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370 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths left-ha
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372 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths NYCLAD
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374 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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376 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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Chapter 14 Sharp Force Injury Death
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Stab Wounds 381 to describe the sha
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Stab Wounds 383 describing “clust
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Incised Wounds 385 Fig. 14.9 A supe
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Incised Wounds 387 Although knives
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Special Issues 389 Fig. 14.16 A sta
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Special Issues 391 Defensive Wounds
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Special Issues 393 disorders; howev
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Special Issues 395 area of “radio
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Special Issues 397 Artifacts A fina
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Selected References 399 Disc Image
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Chapter 15 Asphyxial Deaths So Juda
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Suffocation 403 Fig. 15.1 Petechiae
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Suffocation 405 Certification of th
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Suffocation 407 usual occluding sub
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Suffocation 409 being able to expan
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Neck Compression (Strangulation) 41
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Chemical Asphyxia 419 the object ha
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Chemical Asphyxia 421 Fig. 15.21 A
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Other Issues 423 to function proper
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Other Issues 425 (a) (b) Fig. 15.24
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Other Issues 427 the arms/hands bou
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Selected References 431 Prahlow JA,
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434 16 Drowning Physiology and Mech
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436 16 Drowning Fig. 16.2 Thedriver
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438 16 Drowning Fig. 16.4 “Cadave
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440 16 Drowning Finding water withi
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442 16 Drowning Fig. 16.10 Marked d
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444 16 Drowning Fig. 16.14 True ant
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446 16 Drowning Manner of Death A l
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448 16 Drowning Pachar JV, Cameron
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450 17 Electrical Deaths Fig. 17.1
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452 17 Electrical Deaths required f
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454 17 Electrical Deaths death (Fig
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466 17 Electrical Deaths Disc Image
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Chapter 18 Temperature-Related Deat
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Hypothermia 471 constrict, thus con
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Hypothermia 473 Fig. 18.3 Prominent
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Hyperthermia 475 Toxicology testing
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Hyperthermia 477 Fig. 18.8 A 24-yea
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Selected References 479 disease. In
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Chapter 19 Burns and Fire-Related D
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Introduction 483 Fig. 19.3 Example
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Burn Types 485 Fig. 19.5 A postmort
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Burn Types 487 Chemical Burns As me
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Fire Deaths 489 Fire burns represen
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Fire Deaths 491 Fig. 19.11 Dense so
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Fire Deaths 493 Fig. 19.13 Multiple
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Fire Deaths 495 a CO test or an ins
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Fire Deaths 497 Fig. 19.20 Atrue an
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Disc Image Legends 499 Disc Image L
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Chapter 20 Deaths in Infancy and Ch
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Birth-Related Infant Deaths 507 abr
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Infant Deaths 509 Fig. 20.3 A diaph
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Infant Deaths 511 Fig. 20.6 The pre
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Natural Death in Childhood 513 path
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Accidental Childhood Deaths 515 pon
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 517 occu
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 519 Fig.
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 521 in a
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Classification of Childhood Homicid
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Pediatric Autopsy Considerations 53
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Disc Image Legends 535 Disc Image L
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Selected References 537 Selected Re
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540 21 Miscellaneous Topics Aircraf
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542 21 Miscellaneous Topics CAMI to
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544 21 Miscellaneous Topics To summ
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546 21 Miscellaneous Topics typical
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548 21 Miscellaneous Topics quite o
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550 21 Miscellaneous Topics Fig. 21
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Page 619 and 620: Appendix: Additional Resources and
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Page 639 and 640: Index 613 Gestational DM, 247 Gesta
Page 641 and 642: Index 615 Homicide(s), 444 by heart
Page 643 and 644: Index 617 Infant death, 501-502, 50
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Page 647 and 648: Index 621 CNS, 223-229 cerebral pal
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Page 655 and 656: Index 629 Smoke and soot inhalation
Page 657 and 658: Index 631 Thrombophlebitis, inflamm
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