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92 5. Conclusions Deforestation Around the World Defforestation, degradation and in some cases desertification even of Dinaric Karst started early in prehistoric times. They reached the peak in the second half of the 18 th and in the first half of the 19 th century. In any case, the reason was human factor, the economy with no attitude to sustainability at all. During the last thousand years it is possible to see the attempts to prevent the forest or even to meliorate, to reforest degraded lands. By the middle of the 19 th century such attempts were mainly unsuccessful, but from that time on the situation started to change rapidly. At the beginning, reforestation was a sort of massactivity while nowadays other factors join it. The general perception of the importance of a forest and of the sustainability helped a lot, but also the change of economy and activity of the population of the Dinaric Karst, the decline of the agriculture emphasized. Maybe the Dinaric Karst is turning to the other extreme – to be overgrown (Fig. 19). In Slovenia, on the Kras particularly specialists as well as laymen started to ask: how to prevent the Kras from becoming overgrown? “How to reasonably stop the overgrowing of Kras” is the title of a round table organized by the review “Kras” at Nova Gorica in 1997. The discussion also showed that foresters suggested replacing slowly black pine with oak (Mlinšek 1993). The foresters also suggested that Kras should be a field experimental laboratory of international importance to study the revitalization of a completely degraded landscape. Especially important should be the study of the revitalization of thermophile associations, which are the most affected and at the same time the most suppressed and neglected by the World’s public (Mlinšek, 1993). 6. References Anonym (2001). Pogozdovanje krasa (reprint). Avtonomna dežela Furlanija Julijska krajina, Deželno ravnateljstvo za gozdove in parke, Trst Atkinson, I. (1979). The Viking Ships. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0 521 21951 5, Cambridge – London etc. Azarov, E. (1994). Črni bor na Krasu. Kras, No. 4, (1994), pp. 18-21, ISSN 1318-3257 Cabanes, P. (2002). Iliri od Bardileja do Gencija. Svitava, ISBN 420228055, Zagreb Culiberg, M., Kaligarič, M., Lovrenčak, F., Seliškar, A., Zupančič, M. (1997). Soil & Vegetation. In: Slovene Classical Karst Kras. Kranjc, A., pp. 103-129, ZRC SAZU, ISBN 961-6182-42-0, Ljubljana Cvijić, J. (1966). Balkansko poluostrvo i južnoslovenske zemlje, Zavod za izdavanje učbenika SR Srbije, Beograd Cvijić, J. (2000). Karst, geografska monografija. In: J. Cvijić Sabrana dela. Knjiga I, Stevanović, Maletić, Ranković, Kulenović-Grujić, Jovanović, pp. 203-323, SANU & Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika SR Srbije, ISBN 86-17-08301-8, Beograd Djikić, S. (1957). Historiski razvoj devastacije i degradacije krša u Bosni i Hercegovini. Proceedings of Savezno savjetovanje o kršu, 3, Split, June-July 1957 Dular, J., & Božič, D. (1999). Železna doba. In: Zakladi tisočletij, Aubelj, B., pp. 98-183, Modrijan, ISBN 961-6183-68-0, Ljubljana Evliya, Ç. (1957). Putopis, odlomci o Jugoslovenskim zemljama. Svjetlost, Sarajevo Gams, I. (1991). The origin of the term Karst in the time of transition of Karst (Kras) from deforestation to forestation. Quaderni del Dipartimento di Geografia, No. 13, (1991), pp. 1-8, ISSN 1120-9682
Dinaric Karst – An Example of Deforestation and Desertification of Limestone Terrain Gams, I., & Gabrovec, M. (1999). Land use and human impact in the Dinaric Karst. Int. J. Speleol., Vol. 28 B, No. 1/4, 55-70, ISSN 0392-6672 Gašperšič, F., & Winkler, I. (1986). Ponovna ozelenitev in gozdnogospodarsko aktiviranje slovenskega krasa. Gozdarski vestnik, No. 5, pp. 169-183, ISSN 0017-2723 Ginés, Á. (1999). Agriculture, grazing and land use changes at the Serra de Tramuntana karstic mountains. Int. J. Speleol., Vol. 28 B, No. 1/4, pp. 5-14, ISSN 0392-6672 Goll, W. (1898). Die Karstaufforstung in Krain. Aufforstungs-Commission für Karstgebiet des Herzogthums Krain, Laibach Gruber, T. (1781). Briefe hydrographischen und physikalischen Inhalts aus Krain an Ignaz Edler von Born. Krauß, Wien Guttenberg, H. v. (1881). Der Karst und seine forstlichen Verhältnisse. Zeitschr. des Deutschen und oesterreichischen Alpenvereins, Vol. B XII, pp. 24-62 Hacquet, B. (1785). Physikalisch-politische Reise aus den Dinarischen durch die Julischen, Carnischen, Rhätitschen in die Norischen Alpen im Jahre 1781 und 1783 unternommen von Hacquet. I-II, Adam Friedrich Böhme, Leipzig Horvat, A. (1957). Historiski razvoj devastacije i degradacije krša. Proceedings of Savezno savjetovanje o kršu, 2, Split, June-July 1957 Jaić, M. (2010). Od Udbine preko Krbavskog polja do Laudonovog gaja. 30.08.2011, Available from: http://www.pustolovina.com/index.php?Itemid=55&catid=34:putopisi&id=46:od -udbine-preko-krbavskog-polja-do-laudonovog-gaja- &option=com_content&view=article Kranjc, A. (1979). Kras v povirju Ljubije. Geografski vestnik, Vol. 51, (1979), pp. 31-42. ISSN 0350-3895 Kranjc, A. (1999). Reafforestation of Kras – improvement or degradation. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Land Degradation and Desertification, ISBN 972-98331-0-9, Aveiro, August-September 1998 Kranjc, A. (2002). The History of karst resources exploitation: an example of iron industry in Kranjska (Slovenia). Theoretical and Applied Karstology, Vol. 15, (2002), pp. 117-123, ISSN 1012-9308 Kranjc, A. (2011). The Origin and evolution of the term „Karst“. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, No. 19, (2011), 567-570 (www.sciencedirect.com) Liburna. (September 2011). In: Wikipedia. 01.10.2011, Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liburna Liburnians. (August 2011). In: Wikipedia, 22.08.2011, Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liburnians#cite_ref-25 Mihevc, A. & Prelovšek, M. (2010). Geographical Position and General Overview, In: Introduction to the Dinaric Karst, Mihevc, Prelovšek, Zupan Hajna, pp. 6-8, Inštitut za raziskovanje krasa ZRC SAZU, ISBN 978-961-254-198-9, Postojna Mlinšek, D. (1993). Življenjski prostor “nizki kras”, primer človekove destruktivnosti, energije življenja, upanje v človeka in trajen raziskovalni laboratorij. Gozdarski vestnik, Vol. 51, No. 5-6, pp. 280-293, ISSN 0017-2723 Murko, V. (1957). Josip Ressel: življenje in delo. Tehniški muzej Slovenije, Ljubljana Panjek, A. (2006). Človek, zemlja, kamen in burja. Založba Annales, ISBN 10961-6033-76-x, Koper 93
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DEFORESTATION AROUND THE WORLD Edit
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Contents Preface IX Part 1 Deforest
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Preface Forests are giant reservoir
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Preface XI thankful to Maja Bozicev
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Part 1 Deforestation Impacts
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Geospatial Analysis of Deforestatio
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Unsupervised Classification of Aeri
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10 Deforestation and Waodani Lands
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Bunjil Forest Watch a Community-Bas
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Part 3 Preventing Deforestation
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366 7. Acknowledgment Deforestation
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