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252 Deforestation Around the World Knapp, D. (Dec 4, 2008). quoted in Mongobay, ‘Rainforest canopy-penetrating technology gets boost for forest carbon monitoring', Mongobay Dec 4, 2008. news.mongabay.com/2008/1204-asner.html La Rocca, S. (2004). Making a Difference, Factors that influence participation in grassroots environmental activism in Australia. PhD Dissertation. Available online at The Change Agency, www.thechangeagency.org/01_cms/details.asp?ID=13 Landgate. (2009). Indofire, West Australian Land Authority. indofire.landgate.wa.gov.au/indofire.asp Malaysia Today. (March, 2011). Malaysia Today: WE RELEASE <strong>THE</strong> LAND GRAB DATA! malaysia-today.net/archives/archives-2011/38921-we-release-the-land-grab-data May, A. (May 25, 2008). Brazil Rainforest Analysis Sets Off Political Debate. New York Times. www.nytimes.com/2008/05/25/world/americas/25amazon.html?pagewanted=all Nepstad, et al. (2009). The End of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, Science 4 December 2009: 326 (5958), 1350-1351. [DOI:10.1126/science.1182108] Phelps, J.; Webb, E. & Agrawal A. (2010). Does REDD+ Threaten to Recentralize Forest Governance? Science (16 April 2010): Vol. 328 no. 5976 pp. 312-313 DOI: 10.1126/science.1187774, www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5976/312.summary Rajão, R. & Hayes, N. (2009). Conceptions of control and IT artifacts: an institutional account of the Amazon rainforest monitoring system. Journal of Information Technology, 24 (4) pp. 320-331], ufmg.academia.edu/raonirajao/Papers/127750/Conceptions_of_control_and_IT_a rtefacts_an_institutional_account_of_the_Amazon_rainforest_monitoring_system Regalado, A. (2010). New Google Earth Engine. ScienceInsider, 3 December 2010. news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2010/12/new-google-earth-engine.html Roy, D.; Ju, J.; Mbow, C.; Frost, P. & Loveland, T. (2010). Accessing free Landsat data via the Internet : Africa’s challenge, Remote Sensing Letters, (Volume 1, Issue 2, 2010), DOI:10.1080/01431160903486693, pages 111-117 Available online Sales, M.; Souza, C. & Hayashi, S. (August 25, 2011). Risk of Deforestation. Edition 2, August 2011-July 2012. IMAZON, ‘Boletim Risco de Desmatamento Agosto de 2011 a Julho de 2012’ Reported in ‘Model predicts deforestation hot spots in Brazilian Amazon’ Moukaddem, K. mongabay.com news. mongabay.com/2011/0825-moukaddem_imazon_forecast.html Souza, C.; Pereira, K.; Lins, V.; Haiashy, S. & Souza, D. (2009). Web-oriented GIS system for monitoring, conservation and law enforcement of the Brazilian Amazon. Earth Sci Inform. 2:205–215. DOI 10.1007/s12145-009-0035-6 www.springerlink.com/content/e1g673k21k168591/fulltext.pdf Tollefson, J. (2009). Climate: Counting carbon in the Amazon. Nature 461, 1048-1052 (2009) | doi:10.1038/4611048a , Published online 21 October 2009. nature.com/news/2009/091021/full/4611048a.html Ushahidi (2011). CrowdMap. Ushadihi.org.
13 Remnant Vegetation Analysis of Guanabara Bay Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Using Geographical Information System 1. Introduction Luzia Alice Ferreira de Moraes Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro UNIRIO Brasil The importance of tropical forests and the surrounding environment has been increasing, as specific threats and problems (e.g. deforestation, timber logging, infrastructure development, and mining) are generating increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, with severe present and future consequences in climate (Schulze in Carreiras et al., 2006). Rio de Janeiro is a Brazilian state that presents the greatest diversity of ecosystems, including major portions of Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica in Portuguese), considered a hotspot for its importance and relevance in terms of natural resources and biodiversity. The high biodiversity in this biome is a function of the extreme variations in environmental conditions, and great differences in altitude, ranging from sea level to over 1800 meters. The Atlantic Forest domain has the following delimitations established by the Brazilian Vegetation Map of IBGE (Veloso et al., 1991): ombrophilous dense Atlantic Forest; mixed ombrophilous forests; open ombrophilous forests; semidecidual stational forests; decidual stational forests; the countryside swamps, the northeastern forest enclaves (regionally called "brejos") and the associated ecosystems - mangroves and restingas. According to publication of SOS Atlantic Forest Foundation and the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (2009) between 2005 and 2009, there was a loss of 1,039 hectares of Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The Forest is now fragmented in isolated remnants scattered throughout a landscape dominated by agricultural uses. According to Grimm et al. (2008), ecosystem responses to land changes are complex and integrated, occurring on all spatial and temporal scales as a consequence of connectivity of resources, energy, and information among social, physical, and biological systems. As terrestrial landscapes become increasingly fragmented, so do hydrologic connections between landscape elements (Pringle, 2001). The extensive deforestation at the Basin took place over a historic period. The colonization process of the area, specially of dense ombrophilous forest, was initially with sugar cane, coffee and orange plantations, followed by cattle raising and annual crops (CIBG, 2010), which favored the formation of erosive processes as well as silting of water bodies. The only area with significant forest remnants is found in high slopes, inappropriate for agriculture,
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DEFORESTATION AROUND THE WORLD Edit
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Contents Preface IX Part 1 Deforest
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Preface Forests are giant reservoir
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Part 1 Deforestation Impacts
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