Candidatura Reserva da Biosfera - Santana Madeira Biosfera

Figure 21. Berthelot’s pipit (Anthus berthelotti madeirensis)
The vast natural heritage that characterizes the entire area of the Central
Mountainous Massif, especially the high rate of endemicity existing at the altitude flora
and arthropod fauna, as well as bryophytes, is representative of the importance that this
area has for conservation of indigenous biodiversity. In the Central Mountainous Massif
are present 67 macaronesia endemic taxa, of which 17 are shared with other
Macaronesian archipelagos and 50 are endemic to the archipelagos of Madeira and
salvage islands. A total of 38 endemic taxa to Madeira and salvage archipelagos are
listed in Annexes B and B-II-IV of the Habitats Directive, of which 12 are present in the
Central Mountainous Massif. The Annex I of the Bern Convention includes 32 taxa
endemic to Madeira and Salvage archipelagos, 7 of which are present in the Central
Mountainous Massif. Concerning bryophytes, in this area 123 taxa are listed, comprising
87 mosses and 36 liverworts, with a percentage of 5.6% of Macaronesian endemic taxa,
as for example the rare moss Bryoxiphium madeirense. Some species that occur above
1300m altitude are restricted only to the higher peaks, such as Anacolosa webbii,
Andreae alpestris, Antitrichia californica mosses and Gymnocolea inflata, Marsupella
adusta, Porella cordaeana liverworths.
Application of Santana, Madeira to Biosphere Reserve – UNESCO - MAB 35