Appendices 5-13 - Nautilus Cares - Nautilus Minerals

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For these scenarios, the dual discharge pipes were constructed to face upwards. If the discharge rate was at a maximum under these circumstances, then 4005 gpm (or 0.253 m 3 /s) of discharge water would be directed upwards away from the seabed through two openings. The 5.8°C plume would rise through the water column reaching a height of approximately 90 m above its starting point, that is, 115 m above the seafloor (1,385 m below the surface). In contrast, the warmer 11.4°C plume would rise through the water column reaching a height of approximately 120 m above its starting point, that is, 145 m above the seafloor (1,355 m below the surface). At these heights above the seafloor, the plume loses its jet momentum and buoyancy, since it has mixed sufficiently due to the turbulence created by the jet, that is, its temperature and density are now the same as the ambient water. The buoyancy differences are negligible after the jet phase and the plume centreline dilution ratio (that is, minimum dilution ratio) is at least 1:180 at this point, that is, 1 part discharge to 180 parts ambient receiving water. Beyond this initial rapid dilution, the plume dynamics are now influenced by the tidal currents and basin wide circulation of the Bismarck Sea. This phase of the mixing dynamics is known as far field mixing and is the slowest of the mixing process of a discharge plume. Figure 3.1 shows a plan and cross-sectional view (between 1,300 m and 1,600 m depth) of the plume in the far field at opposite phases of the tidal cycle. In the cross-sectional view in Figure 3.1 the bottom topography is shown as green. Note that the full plume is shown in Figure 3.1 and that the concentrations of plume water within the ambient waters are coloured as follows: • Plume concentrations are RED if dilutions are less than 1:300 • Plume concentrations are ORANGE if between 1:300 dilution and 1:5,000 dilution. Figure 3.1 demonstrates that the plume is extremely patchy, since the discharge occurs in a tidally varying current field for the 11.4°C scenario. That is, when currents are weak during the turning of the tide, plume water builds up around the discharge point. In contrast, when currents are strong, the plume is advected away from the discharge site quickly enough to prevent any buildup, thus reducing plume concentrations within the ambient waters. The example plume extent in Figure 3.1 is about 0.96 km beyond the discharge site in the horizontal. The plume extent in the vertical is only about 120 m in Figure 3.1 (between 1,350 m and 1,470 m below the surface) and remains within its ambient temperature layer. Page <strong>13</strong> of 24
Figure 3.1. Snapshot in time of a ‘worst-case’ plume demonstrating the patchy nature of plumes under the conditions prevailing within the depths of the Bismarck Sea for the 11.4°C scenario. Note insert shows cross-section of the plume between 1,300 m and 1,600 m water depth. Page 14 of 24
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Project director David Gwyther Proj
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Appendix 8 Juvenile Amphipod Whole
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10-day Survival of M. plumulosa Pag
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Centre for Environmental Contaminan
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Centre for Environmental Contaminan
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Appendix 9 Elutriate Testing Report
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Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3
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These elutriate tests were designed
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2. An aliquot(s) of sample after ce
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Table 1: pH, redox (Eh), conductivi
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1440 minutes which is also consiste
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Concentration (ppb) 250.0 200.0 150
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Concentration (ug/kg ore) (log scal
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Zinc sulfide is the most soluble of
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Table 5: Major ions in 0.45 !m filt
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3.5 Comparison to ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2
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5. References ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000)
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Appendix 2: Phase 1: Metal concentr
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Appendix 4: Phase 1: Normalised dat
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Appendix 6: Phase 2: Quality contro
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Appendix 8: Metal concentrations in
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Page 157 and 158: MODELLING THE DISPERSION AND SETTLE
Page 159 and 160: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMA
Page 161 and 162: 2 MODELLING METHODOLOGY AND DATA 2.
Page 163 and 164: 2.3 The SSFATE Model Sediment dispe
Page 165 and 166: Earth Mechanics Institute of the Co
Page 167 and 168: 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The calcul
Page 169 and 170: Table 3.1. Summary of areas covered
Page 171 and 172: Figure 3.3b. Sediment bottom thickn
Page 173 and 174: Figure 3.3d. Sediment bottom thickn
Page 175: 4 REFERENCES Swanson J.C., Isaji T.
Page 179 and 180: MODELLING THE DISPERSION OF THE RET
Page 181 and 182: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMA
Page 183 and 184: Given the range of tidal and basin
Page 185 and 186: dispersion is modelled using a rand
Page 187 and 188: Figure 2.1. Data from the ADCP at 6
Page 189 and 190: 2.5 Outfall Configuration and Assum
Page 191: 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Diluti
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Page 197 and 198: Figure 3.2. The expected (or averag
Page 199 and 200: Figure 3.4 A zoomed in comparison o
Page 201 and 202: 5 REFERENCES Bear, J. and Verruijt,
Page 203: Rusin J., Lunel T. and Davies L., 1
Page 207 and 208: Prediction of underwater noise asso
Page 209 and 210: Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..
Page 211 and 212: 1 Introduction This report presents
Page 213 and 214: 2 Methods 2.1! Source modelling Cav
Page 215 and 216: dB re 1uPa @ 1m 200 195 190 185 180
Page 217 and 218: Figure 3. Source location for the s
Page 219 and 220: Depth (m) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Page 221 and 222: Figure 7. Plots of predicted receiv
Page 223 and 224: Figure 9. Zoomed view of plots of p
Page 225 and 226: Figure 11. Predicted maximum level
Page 227 and 228: for computing a is given in Fisher
Page 229 and 230: ecent studies have indicated that c
Page 231 and 232: sources to close range, and that th
Page 233 and 234: masking ranges for different marina
Page 235 and 236: References Fisher, F. H., Simmons,
Page 237: Appendix 14 The Potential for Natur
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iii.) Incrementally these 1 m swath
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Appendix 15 Stakeholder Consultatio
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Environmental Impact Statement Solw
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Wewak (22 October 2007) Not recorde
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San Diego (17-18 April 2008) Enviro
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Appendices 5-13 - Nautilus Cares - Nautilus Minerals

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