Appendices 5-13 - Nautilus Cares - Nautilus Minerals

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3.3 Affected areas and extents In Table 3.1, from the stochastic modelling, a comparison of the expected maximum plume concentration for the selected dilution ratios for the discharge given the two potential temperature extremes and the affected areas (square kilometres) and maximum extents (kilometres) from the discharge point are provided. The term “expected maximum concentration” is the mean expected maximum concentration at each grid cell location (the mean value of the maximum from the 100 sample simulations per scenario). In Table 3.1 it can be determined that, on average, plume concentrations exceeding 1/300 dilution was below the grid resolution of 60m x 60m for both discharge temperature extremes. Indeed, a 1/600 dilution is just measurable at this resolution given an average maximum extent of 0.085 km and area being 0.0144 km 2 . Plume Concentration PPB Table 3.1 Comparison of Expected Maximum Plume Concentrations* Plume Concentration Dilution factor Area (km 2 ) & Extent (km) of each division. Discharge at 5.8°C Page 15 of 24 Area (km 2 ) & Extent (km) of each division. Discharge at 11.4°C 200000 - 3333333 1/300 -1/5,000 0.47 km 2 & 0.60 km 0.30 km 2 & 0.49 km 3333333-1000000000 1/300 -1 < 0.0036 km 2 & 0.060 km < 0.0036 km 2 & 0.060 km * Note. Area and extent calculations are cumulative In Figure 3.2 the expected maximum concentration (over a 60m x 60m grid cell area) for the lower temperature discharge, 5.8°C is shown. The colour coding represents the selected dilution ratios from Table 3.1. In Figure 3.3 the expected maximum concentration for the higher temperature discharge, 11.4°C, is shown. From Figures 3.2 and 3.3, it can be seen that the discharge temperature creates some variability in the plume extent. Stochastic modelling also provides a measure of probability for each cell with the model grid. The term “probability of exceeding threshold” is the probability (as percent of samples) that the threshold for the chosen threshold is exceeded at any time at each grid cell location. In Table 3.3 a comparison of the probability of plume concentrations for each cell exceeding the 200,000 PPB (1/5,000 dilution) is provided. Table 3.3 shows that the plume will only exceed the 1/5,000 dilution threshold more than 50% of the time over an area of 0.81 km 2 at no more than 0.9 km from the discharge site regardless of the temperature of the discharge plume. Table 3.3 also shows that the extent of the plume at concentrations exceeding a 1/5,000 dilution is unlikely to extend more than
5.0 km at any time during the discharge operation regardless of the temperature. Table 3.3 Comparison of Plume Concentrations Probability (Percent). Probability of exceeding 1/5,000 threshold (%) Area (km 2 ) and extent (km) of each probability band. Discharge at 5.8°C Page 16 of 24 Area (km 2 ) and extent (km) of each probability band. Discharge at 11.4°C 0-10 11.6 km 2 & 4.2 km 9.71 km 2 & 5.0 km 10-20 3.78 km 2 & 2.5 km 2.49 km 2 & 1.9 km 20-30 2.33 km 2 & 1.7 km 1.50 km 2 & 1.2 km 30-40 1.61 km 2 & 1.2 km 1.05 km 2 & 0.95 km 40-50 1.11 km 2 & 1.0 km 0.76 km 2 & 0.81 km 50-60 0.81 km 2 & 0.90 km 0.58 km 2 & 0.67 km 60-70 0.60 km 2 & 0.70 km 0.43 km 2 & 0.58 km 70-80 0.42 km 2 & 0.60 km 0.29 km 2 & 0.44 km 80-100 0.27 km 2 & 0.41 km 0.19 km 2 & 0.36 km * Note. Area and extent calculations are cumulative In Figure 3.4 a comparison of the probability of exceeding the 1/5,000 concentration threshold is provided showing the “foot-print” for the two extreme of the probable discharge temperatures. The higher probability envelopes (50%-100%) near the proposed release site are affected by the alignment and strength of the tidal currents at this site (southwest/northeast). The lower probability envelopes (0%-50%) in Figure 3.4 show the more variable basin wide circulation characteristics of the Manus Basin. 3.4 Plume Thickness The 200 individual stochastic model outputs were examined to determine the current and release time/date conditions for the worse case concentrations and greatest movement from the release location. Individual single models were run for 10 time releases and results of plume movement examined in cross section i.e. 3D. Utilising the stochastic model and individual worse case scenarios for both temperature extremes of the discharge water, the estimated maximum sub-sea plume thickness within the water column is no more than 175 metres for these plume temperature extremes. The plume extends beyond these depths over time, but not at concentrations exceeding the thresholds described herein. Hence, given that the temperature of the discharge plume will fluctuate, the modelling conducted herein quantified that the plume will extend, at times, from 1,300 m deep to 1,475m deep at concentrations exceeding the thresholds.
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Project director David Gwyther Proj
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Appendix 8 Juvenile Amphipod Whole
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10-day Survival of M. plumulosa Pag
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Centre for Environmental Contaminan
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Centre for Environmental Contaminan
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Appendix 9 Elutriate Testing Report
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Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3
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These elutriate tests were designed
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2. An aliquot(s) of sample after ce
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Table 1: pH, redox (Eh), conductivi
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1440 minutes which is also consiste
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Concentration (ppb) 250.0 200.0 150
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Concentration (ug/kg ore) (log scal
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Zinc sulfide is the most soluble of
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Table 5: Major ions in 0.45 !m filt
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3.5 Comparison to ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2
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5. References ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000)
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Appendix 2: Phase 1: Metal concentr
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Appendix 4: Phase 1: Normalised dat
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Appendix 6: Phase 2: Quality contro
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Appendix 8: Metal concentrations in
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Page 157 and 158: MODELLING THE DISPERSION AND SETTLE
Page 159 and 160: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMA
Page 161 and 162: 2 MODELLING METHODOLOGY AND DATA 2.
Page 163 and 164: 2.3 The SSFATE Model Sediment dispe
Page 165 and 166: Earth Mechanics Institute of the Co
Page 167 and 168: 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The calcul
Page 169 and 170: Table 3.1. Summary of areas covered
Page 171 and 172: Figure 3.3b. Sediment bottom thickn
Page 173 and 174: Figure 3.3d. Sediment bottom thickn
Page 175: 4 REFERENCES Swanson J.C., Isaji T.
Page 179 and 180: MODELLING THE DISPERSION OF THE RET
Page 181 and 182: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMA
Page 183 and 184: Given the range of tidal and basin
Page 185 and 186: dispersion is modelled using a rand
Page 187 and 188: Figure 2.1. Data from the ADCP at 6
Page 189 and 190: 2.5 Outfall Configuration and Assum
Page 191 and 192: 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Diluti
Page 193: Figure 3.1. Snapshot in time of a
Page 197 and 198: Figure 3.2. The expected (or averag
Page 199 and 200: Figure 3.4 A zoomed in comparison o
Page 201 and 202: 5 REFERENCES Bear, J. and Verruijt,
Page 203: Rusin J., Lunel T. and Davies L., 1
Page 207 and 208: Prediction of underwater noise asso
Page 209 and 210: Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..
Page 211 and 212: 1 Introduction This report presents
Page 213 and 214: 2 Methods 2.1! Source modelling Cav
Page 215 and 216: dB re 1uPa @ 1m 200 195 190 185 180
Page 217 and 218: Figure 3. Source location for the s
Page 219 and 220: Depth (m) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Page 221 and 222: Figure 7. Plots of predicted receiv
Page 223 and 224: Figure 9. Zoomed view of plots of p
Page 225 and 226: Figure 11. Predicted maximum level
Page 227 and 228: for computing a is given in Fisher
Page 229 and 230: ecent studies have indicated that c
Page 231 and 232: sources to close range, and that th
Page 233 and 234: masking ranges for different marina
Page 235 and 236: References Fisher, F. H., Simmons,
Page 237: Appendix 14 The Potential for Natur
Page 240 and 241: 'leaky' and recent lava flows have
Page 242 and 243: iii.) Incrementally these 1 m swath
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Appendix 15 Stakeholder Consultatio
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Environmental Impact Statement Solw
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Wewak (22 October 2007) Not recorde
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San Diego (17-18 April 2008) Enviro
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Appendices 5-13 - Nautilus Cares - Nautilus Minerals

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