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GENERAL OVERVIEW OF ALEPPO / 204<br />
Geography of Aleppo<br />
Location<br />
Regarded as one of the ancient<br />
settlements of the world Aleppo is<br />
located near the north-west border<br />
of the country located at the<br />
latitude of 36° 12' N and longitude<br />
of 37° 93’ E. Having an elevation<br />
of 379 meters Aleppo is 45<br />
kilometres far from the Bab-al-<br />
Hawa in the Turkish Border at<br />
the north. The nearest cities to<br />
Aleppo are Hama (146 km),<br />
Homs (193 km), and Al Lathqiyah<br />
(186 km). The capital city<br />
Damascus is located 355 kilometers<br />
away from Aleppo and the cities<br />
of Dair Az Zawr and Al Hasakah<br />
are in the east.<br />
Landscapes<br />
The hill that the Aleppo had<br />
emerged on has a geographical<br />
structure based on sediments. It<br />
was mostly emerged in the second<br />
geological time period within the<br />
Cretaceous and Jurassic Eras.<br />
These sediments are <strong>for</strong>med from<br />
various unknown amounts of calcium<br />
carbons hence enabling the<br />
creation of the stone pits being<br />
the source of the most exclusive<br />
stone <strong>for</strong> the construction industry.<br />
Climate<br />
While winters in Aleppo are rainy<br />
and summers are hot generally,<br />
the spring and fall seasons have<br />
unstable weather conditions. Humidity<br />
increases during winters<br />
and decreases during summers.<br />
The high pressure systems of the<br />
winter emerging from the mild<br />
weather conditions of winter results<br />
seldomly snow in case of encounter<br />
with cold air and low<br />
pressure system.<br />
Population<br />
“Capital of Islamic Culture <strong>for</strong><br />
2006” Aleppo is harboring, 4,6<br />
million people, the %25 of Syrian<br />
population.<br />
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL AREAS / 205<br />
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL AREAS<br />
In the Aleppo city there are lots<br />
of historical places and works<br />
that have preserved its historical<br />
texture and beauty. The historical<br />
buildings and places which are<br />
considered based on the historical<br />
importances, aims of use and their<br />
impact on the relevant era that<br />
they had built are mostly located<br />
around Aleppo Citadel and Bazaar<br />
Area.<br />
Aleppo Citadel<br />
Aleppo Citadel an it is considered<br />
as one of the oldest and biggest<br />
citadels in the world. Constructed<br />
in the middle of the old city up on<br />
a hill of 40 meters high Aloppo<br />
Citadel shapes the city likewise<br />
the Gaziantep Citadel.<br />
The entrance to this distinct citadel<br />
with its eliptical <strong>for</strong>m is through<br />
a front gate with a tower having<br />
a gallery <strong>for</strong> defence purposes.<br />
The wooden moveable stairs<br />
(be<strong>for</strong>e the times of al-Zahir al-<br />
Gazi) which can be placed between<br />
front gate and trench by tying<br />
is replaced with a permanent and<br />
immoveable concrete stairs.<br />
The foundation of the Aleppo Citadel<br />
is a natural hill and it was<br />
elevated by artificial additions<br />
and became as it is today.<br />
In the archeological studies at<br />
first the Maoseleum of Teshub,
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