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172 CAREX RIGIDA AND ITS VARIETIES.
C. hyperborea is also older than C. vulgaris. It is the accepted
practice, when combining specific names into a composite species,
to erect the oldest specific name into the type. C. rnjida should,
therefore, be taken as the type of this species, for there can be no
doubt, as Dr. Boott long ago showed, but that G. rigida and 0.
vulgaris are specifically one. Boott appears to have had it in mind
to refer all the forms of the species to C. rigida rather than to C.
vulgaris, for in his ' Illustrations ' he frequently uses the former
name in combination incidentally : but his characterizations are
always drawn under the latter name.
The proper re-casting of the species would probably treat it
about as follows :
Carex rigida Gooden. Linn. Trans, ii. 193, t. 22 (1792).
C. saxatilis auct. Scand., not Linn.
C. saxatilis vars. infuscata, pudica, lutosa, Drejer, Revis. Crit.
Car. Bor. 42, 43 (1841).
C. vuh/aris var. al/pina Boott, iii. 167 (1867).
G. FyllcE Holm. Engl. Bot. Jahrbiicher, viii. 294 (1887).
Northern Europe, Scotland, and probably in
region of North America.
the Rocky Mountain
Var. BiGELovii Tuckm. Enum. Meth. 19 (1843). G. Bigelovii
Torr. Ann. N. Y. Lye. i. 67 (1824). G. Washingtoniana Dewey,
Sill. Journ. (I.), x. 272 (1826). G. saxatilis var. Bigelovii Torr.
Monogr. 397 (1836). C. saxatilis var. inferalpina L. L. Laestadius,
Loca Parall. PI. 287 (1839). G. hyperborea Drejer, Revis.
Crit. Car. Bor. 43 (1841). G. Fridrichsthaliana Steud. PI. Cyper.
211 (1855). G. dubitata Dewey, Wood's Bot. 1861, 755. G. vulgaris
var. hyperborea Boott, iii. 167 (1867). G. Warmingii Holm.
Engl. Bot. Jahrbiicher, viii. 294 (1887). Lapland, Faroe, (Scotland
?), Iceland. Greenland, and southward in America to Mt.
Washington, and evidently also in the Rocky Mountains.
Var. GooDENOvii. G. acuta /3. Linn. Fl. Suec. ed. 2, 334
(1745). G. acuta a. nigra Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, 978 (1753). G.
ccBspitosa Gooden. Linn. Trans, ii. 195, t. 21 (1792). G. Goodenovii
Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. (II.), xi. 191 (1839). G. vulgaris Fries, Mant.
iii. 153 (1842). Northern Europe and Asia, and along the North
Atlantic seaboard in North America.
Var. strictiformis.— G. Limula? Gray, Man. ed. 5, 582 (1867).
G. vulgaris var. strictiformis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i. 74 (1889).
Near the seaboard from Pennsylvania northward to Canada.
Var. limula. — G. limula Fries, Summa, 229 (1846). G. vulgaris
var. hyperborea (limula) Boott, iii. 169 (1867). Scandinavia.
Var. ELYTROiDES. — G. elytroides Fries, Summa, 232 (1846). G.
vulgaris var. elytroides Boott, iii. 168 (1867). Near the seaboard
from Holland northward.
Var. tricostata.— G. tricostata Fries, Mant. iii. 152 (1842). G.
vulgaris var. tricostata Boott. iii. 168 (1867). Scandinavia.
Var. JUNCEA. — G. vulgaris var. juncea Fries, Mant. iii.
(1842). G. vulgaris var. jnncella Fries, Summa, 230 (1846).
154
G.
angustifolia Smith, Engl. Fl. 127 teste Boott. Great Britain and
Northern Europe.