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289 JOHN RALFS. (With Portrait.) Only those who have come into close contact with the man or have carefully studied his works, can realize the greatness of the intellect of the veteran botanist who died at Penzance in July last. Had not his health and eyesight failed, there is little doubt that John KalCs would have ranked as one of the greatest botanists of the century. His clearness of perception, his conciseness and exactitude of expression, added to his indomitable energy, his enthusiasm, and his wonderful memory, made him the very ideal of a naturalist. He was born on Sept. 13th, 1807, at IMillbrook, near Southampton. He came of an old Hampshire family, being the second son of Samuel Ealfs, of Mudeford, neai* Christchurch, His father died in 1808, and the young family was brought up by the mother, who dis[X)sed of the property at Mudeford, and removed to Southampton. Young Ralfs's first school appears to have been that of Dr. Buller in this town, he afterwards went to Mr. Jennings's at IJishop's Waltham, and subsequently to the Kev. J. Jenvey's at Romsey. To the last-named gentleman he became much attached, and to him he dedicated his first botanical book. As a lad ilalfs was studious and painstaking, and showed an early inclination to scientific pursuits, which first developed in the direction of chemistry. At about the age of eighteen he was articled to his uncle, a surgeon at Brentfoi-d, with whom he remained two years and a half, after which he studied at Winchester Hospital for two years. In 1882 lie passed the examination qualifying him as a surgeon, and in this examination we find he distinguished himself by his knowledge of botany. He went into partnership with a surgeon in Shoreditch, and Mr. Marquand tells us that he practised at Towcester. During the few years that he was able to follow his profession he was very successful. While on a visit to Torquay he became acquainted with Miss Laura Cecilia Newman, daughter of Mr. Henry Newman, of London, and in 1835 was married to that lady. They had one son, John Henry, who was born in 183G. The marriage did not prove a happy one, for within t\yo years Mrs. Ealfs (with her infant son) went to live with her parents, who were then residing in France she afterwards travelled in Italy, but returned to France, wliere she died in ISIS. In 1837 Mr. Ralfs's health became so bad—his lungs being found to be seriously affected—that he was obliged to relinquish liis practice and to reside in one of the health-resorts of the southwestern coast. After visiting Torcpiay, he settled down, in Nov. 1837, at Penzance, which continued to be his home during the rest of his life. In 1838 he contributed the botanical portion of a guide to llfracombe by Banficld. in 183ij he published his first book, 'The British Phfenogamous Plants and Ferns; arranged on the Liniunoan System, and analysed after the method of Lamarck'; this consisted of a dichotomous k(,'y to the genera and species, witli an analysis of the natural orders. It did not pretend to compete with Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [October, 1800.] u
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^r»i^/ -•-JP, i>J> > > > 'jr J.
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J i(( THE ) JOURNAL OF BOTANY BEITI
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C. C. Babington, M.A., F.R.S. J. E.
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sydnev Parkinson dd. 1 .Tri-umfetta
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2 EPILOBIUM NOTES FOR 1880. Cocos I
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4 EPILOBIUM NOTES FOR 1889. allegat
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6 EPILOBIUM NOTES FOK 1880. It seem
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8 EPILOBIUM NOTES FOR 1889. within
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10 MARINE ALG.E OF THE ARBROATH DIS
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12 MARINE ALO.E OF THE ARBROATH DIS
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14 MARINE ALG.E OF THE ARBROATH DIS
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16 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES O
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18 CYPERUS JEMINICUS ROTTB. An annu
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20 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AN
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22 SHORT NOTES. 16G0. Master of Mec
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24 HANDBOOK OF THE BROMELIACEi^. pu
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26 HANDBOOK OF TIfE BROMELIACE^. wh
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28 NAMES AND SYNONYMS OF BRITISH PL
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30 MANUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS. i
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32 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. Oeste
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Gr.Massee del. R.Morgajilith. Podau
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34 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS
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86 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS
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38 A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS PODAXIS
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40 NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS. prevente
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42 NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS. umhrosa
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44 NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS. Tofieldi
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46 NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS, a sheep-
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48 ON FKSTUOA HETEROPHYLLA. quality
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50 ON FESTUCA HETEEOPHYLLA. (( Char
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52 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AN
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54 BIOGRAPHICAL, INDEX OP BRITISH A
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56 BIOGRAMICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND
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t^ La Bl'oLOGIE V^GETALE. lucidity
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60 ATLAS DEUTSOHER MEERESALGEN. do
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62 ATLAS DEUTSCHKR MEERESALGEN. of
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64 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. vulga
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05 NOTES ON THE BRITISH CHARACEJE F
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XOTES ON TIIK BRITISH CHARACE.T: FO
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A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DE
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A JIOXOGEAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS D
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FURTHER RECORDS FROM ICELAND. 79 Ba
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FURTHER RECORDS FROM ICELAND. 81 dn
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PUETHER BECOBDS FROM ICELAND. 88 JE
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BENJAMIN CLAEKE, F.L.S. 85 (lateral
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PLANTS FOUND NEAK KILMANOCK, CO. WE
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BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND I
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SHORT NOTES. 91 Univ., Dublin, 1845
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FLORA OF SUFFOLK. 93 hence notice o
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AKTICLES IN JOURNALS. 95 des Bering
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97 NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI. By W. 0.
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NOTES OX ENGLISH RUBI. 99 The only
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NOTES ON' ENGLISH RUBI. 101 ones ar
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VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMIA 01' NEW GUINEA
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VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMIA OF NEW GUINEA.
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VASCULAK CRYPTOGAMIA OF NKW GUINEA.
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VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMIA OF NEW GUINEA.
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PLANTS 1-UI:ND IN KEIIRY. Ill Jitnc
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PLANTS FOUND IN KERRY. 118 C. praco
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PLANTS FOUND IN KERRY. 115 Reeks ;
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BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND I
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BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND I
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SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASA GRAY. 121
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ARTICLES IN JOURNALS; 123 Wilson's
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LIKNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 125 perf
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LINNEAX SOCIETY OF LONDON. 127 spac
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129 NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI. By W. 0.
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NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI. 131 the livi
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NOTES ON EN(iUSH KUHI. 133 8G. R. M
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THE GENUS SCAPHOSEPALUM PFITZER. 13
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NOTKS ON PONDWEEDS. 137 G. S. PULVi
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NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. 139 A specimen
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SYNOPSIS OF OENRUA AST) SPKCIKS OF
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SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF M
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A NEW LASTREA FROM ASSAM. 145 petal
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MARINE ALG^ OF DEVON. 147 have now
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149 THE GENEEA OF STAPELIE^. The mo
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BiOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND I
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157 SHOKT NOTES. Lejeunea Rossettia
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ARTICLES IN JOURNALS, 159 White Smu
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R.Morgan lith. X 8 ^^^'- l-S-Cantha
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162 NOTES ON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF EU
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164 NOTES ON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF EU
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166 SHORT DESCRIPTIVE NOTES ON THRE
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168 ABERDEEN, tORFAR, AND DUMFRIES
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170 ABERDEEN, FOEFAE, AND DUMFRIES
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172 CAREX RIGIDA AND ITS VARIETIES.
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174 SUPPOSED HYBEIDITY IN POTAMOGET
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176 SUPPOSED HYBRIDITY IN POTAMOGET
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178 SUPPOSED HYBRIDITY IN POTAMOGET
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180 NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. conne
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182 NOTES ON mGHLAND PLANTS. 1886,
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i84 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH A
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186 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH A
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188 sdoE5: Nol^s. Robinsor, James F
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190 NOTICES OF BOOKS. Physiology. A
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192 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. Flor
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194 SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA. c
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196 ' SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA.
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198 SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA. p
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200 HEPATIC.E FOUND IN KERRY, 1889.
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202 HEPATIC.E FOUND IN KERRY, 1889.
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204 EUBUS EEYTHRINUS. It may be wel
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206 KUBUS ERYTIIRINUS. There are fe
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208 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES
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214 PUCCINIA DIGIlAPUll)iS. cismal
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216 CHANGES AT KEW. upper cell thic
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2l8 SHORT NOTES. were clustered a l
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220 NOTICES OF nooKs. following opi
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222 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON, nov.
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224 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. tion
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226 NOTES ON PONDWEEDS, occupied sp
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228 NOTES ON OXFORD PLANTS. *Fumana
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230 NOTES ON OXFORD PLANTS. f. apri
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232 NOTES ON OXFORD PLANTS. Bor. No
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234 ON SPAUGANIUM. Bhclmum spicant
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23G ON SPARGANIUM. perhaps, not alt
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238 ADDITIONS TO THE IRISH MOSS FLO
Page 260 and 261: 240 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES
Page 262 and 263: 242 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES
Page 264 and 265: 244 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF RRITISH A
Page 266 and 267: 21G BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. OF BRITISH
Page 268 and 269: 218 SHOUT NOTES. 447. Herbaiium and
Page 270 and 271: 250 NOTICES OF BOOKS. Introduction
Page 272 and 273: 252 NOTICES OF BOOKS. author's prev
Page 274 and 275: 254 NOTICES OF BOOKS. be grateful t
Page 276: 256 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. e lo
Page 279 and 280: 257 ON SOME RUSTS AND MILDEWS IX IN
Page 281 and 282: ON SOME BUSTS AND MILDEWS IN INDIA.
Page 283 and 284: ON SOME RUSTS AND MILDEWS IN INDIA.
Page 285 and 286: TONQUIN FERNS. 263 li-2 ft. loDg, 4
Page 287 and 288: TONQUIN FERNS. 2G5 broad. Veins pin
Page 289 and 290: 36, 100, 101, 1872. G. elliptica Ba
Page 291 and 292: CAMPANL'LARUM NOVAKUM DEGAS I'lU.MA
Page 293 and 294: CAMPANULAKUM iNOVAKU.U DECAS i'Klil
Page 295 and 296: CAMPANUIiARTJM NOVARUM DECAS PRIMA.
Page 297 and 298: RUBUS SILVATICUS W. & N. 275 a bram
Page 299 and 300: OLD HERBARIA. 277 was an * Index Pl
Page 301 and 302: BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND I
Page 303 and 304: Biographical indkx of British and i
Page 305 and 306: 283 REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BOT
Page 307 and 308: HANDBOOK OF THE FLORA OF EXTRA-TROP
Page 309 and 310: AKTICLES IN JOURNALS. 287 We have r
Page 314 and 315: 290 JOHN RALFS. the larger " Floras
Page 316 and 317: 292 JOHN EALFS, recorded nearly sev
Page 318 and 319: 294 PLANTS DESCRIBED BY ARDUlNO. 1.
Page 320 and 321: 296 BUDA V. TISSA. ment of Science,
Page 322 and 323: 298 THE NOMENCLATURE OF P0TA5I0GET0
Page 324 and 325: 300 THE NOMENCLATURE OF POTAMOGETOX
Page 326 and 327: 302 SPERGULA PENTANDRA IN IRELAND ?
Page 328 and 329: 301 THE FERTILISATION OF THE SUGAR-
Page 330 and 331: 306 BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH A
Page 332 and 333: 808 BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH A
Page 334 and 335: 310 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH A
Page 340 and 341: 316 NOTICES OF BOOKS. europiea. Thi
Page 342 and 343: 318 NOTICES OF BOOKS. the book (pp.
Page 344: 320 OBITUAEY. Gardeners Chronicle (
Page 347 and 348: 821 ON A NEW HYBRID POTAMOGETON OF
Page 349 and 350: ON A NEW nynRiD totamogeton of the
Page 351 and 352: ox A NEW HYBRID POTAMOGETON OF THE
Page 353 and 354: THREK NEW LASTREAS FROM ASSAM. 327
Page 355 and 356: IN MEMORY OF MARIANNE NORTH. 829 Pt
Page 357 and 358: IN JIEMOKY OF MARIANNE NORTH. 331 w
Page 359 and 360: IN MEMORY OF MARIANNE NORTH. 833 we
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PRESn-WATER ALO-T: of HAMPSIimE. 33
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M. rotata Grev. E. M. papillifera B
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SPERGULA PENTANDRA IN IRELAND, 343
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SHORT NOTES. 349 Swete, Edward Hora
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THE BRITISH MOSS-FLORA. 351 6 plate
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.i!:eS>
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354 THE LATE JAMES BACKHOUSE. found
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356 HEPATIC^ OF LOUGHBBAY, CO. WICK
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358 HEPATIC.E OF LOUGHBRAY, CO. WIC
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360 HEPATIC^ OF LOUGHBRAY, CO. WiCK
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362 THK GENUS XYSMALOBITIM. Trifoli
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364 THE GENUS XYSMALOBIUM. apiculat
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366 INTEODUCED PLANTS IN WEST CORNW
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370 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPEOIES
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372 PRIOBITY OF PLACE IN BOTANICAL
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874 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH A
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376 SHORT NOTES. Flora,' 1877 ; col
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878 THE LEJEUNE^ OF LINDENBEKg's HE
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380 ARTIFICIAL KEYS TO THE GExNERA
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882 OBITUARY. of Harvey's ' Phycolo
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384 EDITOEIAL. now nearly completed
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386 INDEX. P, fluitans, 248 ; Poten
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388 INDEX. Jackson, J. K., Hartig's
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390 INDEX. Staurastrmu glabrnm, 337
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Just Published, Price 5s. 4d. HANDL
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A MESSRS. BELL'S LIST OF BOOKS. Jus
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PRINGLE'S PLANT>E MEXICAN/E (Fifth
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A MESSRS. BELL'S LIST OF BOOKS. Dem
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' O CIENCE AND SCIENTISTS : some Pa
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MESSRS. BELL'S LIST OF BOOKS. Demy
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BOTANICAL DRYING PAPER FOE DKYING F
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A MESSRS. BELL'S LIST OF BOOKS. ' D
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NOTICE. The JOURNAL OF BOTANY is pr
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NOTICE. The JOUKNAL OF BOTANY is pr
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NOTICE. The JOUENAL OF BOTANY is pr
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NOTICE. The JOURNAL OF BOTANY is pr
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MESSRS. BELL'S LIST OF BOOKS. WORKS
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NOTICE. The JOUENAL OF BOTANY is pr
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A MESSRS. BELL'S LIST OF BOOKS. WOR
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' NOTICE. The JOUENAL OF BOTANY is
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Recently Completed, iviiJi 1987 Ful
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NOTICE. The JOUKNAL OF BOTANY is pr
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A MESSRS. BELL'S LIST OF BOOKS. WOR
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