The XIth dynasty temple at Deir el-Bahari .. - NYU | Digital Library ...

THE Xrni DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DETR EL-BAHARI.
or r^ jj Ij. He occurs ngain in an inscription
at Elephantine, in the Abbott papyrus, and on
a stele (noAv in the British ^Museum) of a person
called LI,' where his name is 'written
r^Rj^^^j. Everywhere, except in the
document first quoted and in a stele at Leyden,
the king's name is enclosed in a cartouche ; but
there never are two, one only Ibllowino; the
Horns or hi name.
The same may be said of the second king
\s. ^^'^ CN t , wlio is also known from a
monument at Abydos,- where after his ka
name he is called ^'^ f^ ]^ 3^ iT ^" ^^^^
stele of his name is written
( ^
f\
^^ )• This last document says that he
is the former Antef's son.
The third king is less known. The beginning
of his ka name is found in a stele at Cairo
Vv^ '"ri^, Avhich has induced Prof. Sethe to
consider him to be king Sankhkara fo P -^ U ]
the last king of the dynasty ;
but this identifica-
tion is certainly wrong, since this Mentuhetep
is a king with only one cartouche, Avhile
fcPju
has two. The cartouche of this
Mentuhetep, Avhom we may Avell call the first
(Mentuhetep I.), is at present found only in the
list of Karnak, as No. 12.'' This list quotes the
sole cartouche of each of these three kind's
following the v^. ; while, where a kinef had
two cartouches, it quotes the first, for instance
^0^:37 I j, Mentuhetep, or (^0 fs^ ^^ Antef.
' Breasted,
New Light on the Historij of the Eleventh
Di/nasty.
' Maeiette, Cat. d' Abydos, No. 5-li.
* It is possible that we have a mention of this king
(PI. xii. d), where at the place of the first cartouche we
m.
have the signs I -r-^p
We may thus feel certain that these three
kings had only one cartouche, and a Horns
name. This points decidedly to sovereigns who
did not rule over the whole of the country.
The use of two cartouches seems to be a
Memphite custom which the kings of the first
Dynasties did not adopt before they had united
under their dominion the two parts of l*>gypt,
although some of them had already the title of
4'i^, as these princes of the Xlth Dynasty
had.
The first Antef and Mentuhetep must have
exercised their power over the southern part of
Middle Egypt, and over a region extending as
far as Elephantine. Although, as I believe, they
came originally from Coptos, they took Thebes for
their cajDital, and this city retained this position
even when they had conquered or annexed Lower
Egypt. This is the reason why Thothmes III.
mentions them in his list ; they were kings Avho
had reigned at Thebes, and who were worshipped
and buried there, and to whom, perhaps, he
erected statues, as one may gather from the last
excavations at Karnak.
Though these princes were rulers of Upper
Egypt only, and therefore have tobe placed at the
beginning of the dynasty, I believe there is one
before them, Avho may well be considered as its
founder. It is the d of the Karnak
list, whom it is natural to identify with the
owner of a stele found by Marietta at Drali Abou
el Neo;";a.^ He is called d -=^^
>& 1 T www -M^ "mmnr | f^.^^^
" the hereditary
prince, the first lord of Thebes who satisfies the
heart of the king, the keeper of the southern
door," besides other titles which are not easy to
understand. Evidently he was a man in high
' The two copies of Lepsius differ as to the cartouche.
In the latter one, which he says was collated with the
original, there is none.
^ Makiette, Man., pi. .';0.