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68 THE XlTH DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DBIR EL-BAHARI. °i]]Af::^k^r;ii€(°HI] C oa^] o ag>^ '' The Kino; Kha-iiefer-Rii (Sebekhetep 111. of the Xlllth Dynasty) erected liis constructions to the King Neb-hepet-Ra, renewing what had been done bv Kino; Kha-kau- Rfi (Usei'tsen 111.) and King Kha-kheper-Ra. (Usertsen II.) his father." Thus the father of Usertsen III. had already begun to otter to Mentuhetep what the inscrip- til tllllH tion calls ^^•^•^ , which are mostly statues or tables of offerings, gifts made to the god, which always must bear the name of the giver. The king does so because he considei's his predecessor Mentuhetep a real god like Amon. We have not found anything of what Usertsen II. did for Mentuhetep. Usertsen 111. wished evidently to emphasize as much as possible the religious character of the king of the Xlth Dynasty. No doubt Neb-hepet-Ra very soon after his death was placed among the gods to whom a regular worship was offered. Although every king was a divine being, he was a greater god than the other kings of his family, and, like Amenhetep I. after him, was the object of a special veneration. We do not know to what circumstance he owed his pre-eminence— probably to the fact of his having restored Egypt to its former extent and power, to his having been a kind of second Mena. Usertsen III. was one of his most faithful worshippei's. He offered him in his funerary temple six of his own statues as a gift, aud he did more : at the western end of the temple, close to the entrance of the long passage leading to a subterranean sanctuary, which has quite lately been excavated, he erected a large stele, which was discovered a few days before we closed the work in IMarch, 1906 (PI. xxiv.). This stele, in red granite and of a height of 1 m. 60, is now in the Cairo Museum. It is quite possible that it stood in some sort of shrine or sanctuary which has been destroyed. The back bears traces of another stele which had been raised against it. The top line is formed by a very long cartouche containing all the constituent parts of Usertsen's name. This comprehensive cartouche occurs frequently at the time of the Middle Kingdom. Under the cartouche are two scenes exactly alike. On the left Usertsen stands before Amon, on the right before Neb-hepet-Ra. To both of them he presents a heap of offerings of all sorts of food and drink. The gift is made by his touching (fi ) the offerings three or four times with his mace. The two gods are exactly in the same iôsition. Neb-hepet-Ra wears the double crown, showing that he was lord over the two parts of Egypt. Usertsen is followed by his livinij L'lj, his protector, the presence of whom is necessary to his life. This ka is called I M ^^^ divine form. V'' Under the scenes of offerings are two hori- zontal lines referring to Usertsen, " Life, dui-a- tion, and happiness are before the feet of this good god, the iu.at-relihm live every day ; he will last through millions of Sed periods in very great numbers." These are the usual promises made to the king by the gods, with the mention that the tuat-rekhiu ^ are living. These Avords refer to beings which are often represented under the throne of the king, plovers with raised human arms perching on the sign ^^3^, the basket, and generally followed by the words -pn^^^vAÂj "they are living." No satisfactory explanation can yet be given of this group, 1 This lim; gives us the phonetic veading of the group : ^ SO W> rt "^^ !-£-'• •'-^^ Abbott Papyrus gives it still more fully. It speaks of a I ^'^©'^'^(jfj-^^sQ, JMc ^^ '^^'"^^ the "room of the tuat-rckliitu," on the walls of which, probably, these beings were represented (Maspero, Proces judiciaire, p. 51).
THE XIlTii DYNASTY AND THE WORSHIP OP NEB-HEPET-RA. 59 wliieli occLU's rreqiieutly in the temple of Hatshepsu.' I still believe, as I said before, that the group refers to the measurement of time ; it is symbolical of a long period wliidi Lepsius, Brugsch and Mahler consider to be the phoenix period. These words mean that the dominion of the kinor is well established as long as the plovers {luat-rekkin) live, as long as there will be phoenix periods. Jt seems to beeipiiva- lent to a great number of Sed periods, Perhaps also we may consider the taat-rekkiu as genii who ensure to the king r u 1, life, duration, and happiness, just as the i)resence of his Ix-a is his safeguard. The first line of the vertical inscription gives the full name of the king. First comes his ka name, then the words preceded by ^^ ncht'i, wliich are "1(1] ^^5 "the divine offspring." The jfr^ name is '^, "the scarab." Then comes the text, which reads as follows: " Royal decree to the prophet of Anion, and " to the haru'
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' NYU IFA LIBRARY 3 1162 04538740 5
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THE XIth dynasty TEMPLE M AT DEIR E
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EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND prcaiDcnt F.
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PEEFACE. The excaviition ol the Xlt
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CONTENTS Chapter T ^fKNTunETKi' TT.
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THE Xrni DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DETR EL-
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ilK XlTii DYNTASTY TKMl'T.K AT HETR
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THK Xlni UVXASTV TEMI'LE AT DEIR EL
Page 20 and 21: THE XlTii DYNASTY TEMPLE AT i)ElR E
Page 22 and 23: 10 THE XlTH DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 24 and 25: 12 THE XlTii DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 26 and 27: u THE XTtii dynasty TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 28 and 29: 1(1 THV. \lTii DYNASTY 'I'KiMlM-K A
Page 30 and 31: is TflE XIth dynasty TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 32 and 33: 20 THE XlTii DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 34 and 35: 22 THE XIth DYNASTY TEMPLK AT DKIR
Page 36 and 37: 2'i THE XlTii DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DEI
Page 38 and 39: 26 THE XItu dynasty TEMPLE AT JJEIR
Page 40 and 41: 28 THE XIth dynasty TE^rPLE AT DEIR
Page 42 and 43: 30 THE XIth dynasty TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 44 and 45: 32 THE XiTff DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 46 and 47: u THE XlTU DVXASl'V TEMPLE AT J)E11
Page 48 and 49: 36 THE XlTii DYNASTY TEMl'I.K .Vl D
Page 50 and 51: 38 TFIB XlTii DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DKI
Page 52 and 53: 40 THE XItii dynasty TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 54 and 55: 42 THE Xhii DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 56 and 57: 44 THE XIth dynasty TEMPLK AT DKIK
Page 58 and 59: 46 THE Xlni DYNASTY TEMPLE AT J)EIR
Page 60 and 61: 48 THE Xlni JJYNASTV TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 62 and 63: 50 THE XTth dynasty TEMPLE AT DEIE,
Page 64 and 65: 52 THE XIth dynasty TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 66 and 67: 54 THE Xlru IJYNASTY TEiMPLE Al' DE
Page 68 and 69: 56 THE XIth dynasty TEMPLE AT DElli
Page 72 and 73: 60 THE XlTU DYNASTY TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 74 and 75: 6-2 THE XIth dynasty TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 76 and 77: 64 THE XItii dynasty TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 78 and 79: 66 TPIE XIth dynasty TEMPLE AT DEIR
Page 80 and 81: Pl. i. The TTathor Cow : 68 CHAPTER
Page 82 and 83: 70 DESCRIPTION OF THK PLATES. it'pi
Page 85 and 86: Aali, qucen-iiiothur, 7. Aaiuu, war
Page 87: Rubbish overlying temple, character
Page 90 and 91: ERRATA IN THE PLATES. Plate VI. Nos
Page 94 and 95: Th e XV- Dynasty Tem ple , PER EL B
Page 97: General View of the Xltii Dynasty T
Page 101: I i " PK l^'« X
Page 105: The west facing of the Pyramid-Base
Page 109: Door of Chamber tomb N^' 4. // //,
Page 113: . // Granite Threshold of east Door
Page 117: M -y .J..^.Jc^^J^1_. MENTUHETEP II
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WAR-SCENES Plate XV.
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'^ ^l*crA> -^ RELIEFS FROM THE SHRI
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] aWmy^^dJimt^wMi-^mmmi ?i 1^^ ^/y
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c^>o =£±] i «0j ^0 i| «R ^^ 1^
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F kf:.\\sit. 1 ^^^âmt^tJXt*.mi Pla
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)[•' KE.MSIT. i\ t ^ / Plate XXII
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i-jji -^rf » / < 1^ AMENOPHIS 1 AN
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Plate XXVII. u 2 Oi r I Qi O < r
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Plate XXIX.
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THE HATHOR-COW. Plate XXXI.
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PUBLICATIONS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL
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