Prefixation in English and Catalan - Departament de Filologia ...

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(37) V {[+c]1, [-c-m]2} / \ en V {[+c]1, [-c-m]2} / \ V {[+c]1, [-c-m]2} I / \ | N [R]>[-c-m] V [+c] ar | | rai Ø Although the reinterpretation of the R-role accounts for Vs of creation, it leaves the presence of the [-c-m] role in verbs like encaixar or encaputxar unexplained, since their meaning is not ‘to make/become a box/hood’. For these Vs, I propose that the prefix is responsible for the [-c-m] role found in the V’s Θ-grid. In the two previous sections I already hinted at the possibility of the prefix having some feature specification, but due to the Rel. RHR, the prefix’s features were always obscured. In en+N Vs, though, the prefix constitutes the rightmost head specified for the features [-c-m], since the Ø-suffix only has a [+c] role and the noun’s R-role is not reinterpreted. Hence, the features of the prefix [-c-m] percolate up to the V’s node, where they will get index 2 (internal merger) (see 38). (38) V {[+c]1, [-c-m]2} / \ en [-c-m] V {[+c]} / \ V [+c] I / \ | N [R] V [+c] ar | | caixa Ø Interestingly, some Vs can have both a creation and ‘change of location’ reading: 31
(39) coixíN ‘cushion’ R encoixinarV to make a N’ / ‘to put Ns in a place’ [+c] [-c-m] toiaN ‘bouquet’ R entoiarV ‘to make a N’ / ‘to put Ns in a place’ [+c] [-c-m] I suggest that they will have one or the other reading, depending on the source of the [-c-m] role. If the R-role is reinterpreted, the V will have a creation meaning, but if it is not, then the [-c-m] features will come from the prefix and this will result in a locative meaning. To explain the existence of the intransitive variant (typically marked with the clitic se) of en+N Vs, I will adopt the reduction mechanism already used before. Since most intransitive variants clearly show reduction of the external argument (40), and in only a few cases is it difficult to tell which argument gets reduced like in (35) (it could be either the external or internal one), I assume that external reduction takes place in en+N verbs uniformly. Crucially, there are no cases with clear internal reduction. (40) a. encoratjarV ‘to encourage’ [+c] [-c-m] b. encoratjar-seV ‘to become encouraged’ [-c-m] a. El primer gol els encoratjà. ‘The first goal gave them courage’ b. Amb el cinquè gol es (CL) van encoratjar. ‘With the fifth goal, they were encouraged.’ Like deadjectival en-prefixations, en+N Vs also seem to have an intermediate stage in which the N has become a V, but the prefix is not present as yet. As usual, those intermediate Vs which do not seem to be related to their prefixed version have been disregarded. To exemplify, consider (41). (41) a. colaN ‘glue’> encolarV ‘to paste with glue’ b. colarV ‘to filter liquid’ From the meaning of the two Vs, it is obvious that colarV is not an intermediate word derived from the noun cola. It just happens to share the same form. The V encolar can then be analyzed as an ‘ordinary’ denominal V with a locative reading (cf. (34, 35)). Among the relevant existing intermediate Vs, two groups can be differentiated. The first group includes those forms whose meaning is related to the prefixed V and the second one contains those intermediate forms which, according to 32
Page 1 and 2: Argument Structure and Morphology:
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 5 and 6: 2a) are typically category-changing
Page 7 and 8: (5) a. dobbelenV ‘to gamble’ Ag
Page 9 and 10: 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND This secti
Page 11 and 12: how the marking procedures work and
Page 13 and 14: As for the treatment of reflexives
Page 15 and 16: The fact that the suffix -ize forms
Page 17 and 18: may be considered negative by some,
Page 19 and 20: First, the classification of suffix
Page 21 and 22: unknown to derivation. 16 This is w
Page 23 and 24: 3 RESEARCH METHODS Dictionaries hav
Page 25 and 26: To confirm the results from the dic
Page 27 and 28: ‘A boat crossed the Atlantic’ (
Page 29 and 30: form (endur-se
Page 31 and 32: (32) V {[+c]1, [-c-m]2} / \ en V {[
Page 33: . Ell encaputxà la Maria. He EN-ho
Page 37 and 38: Although the dictionary lists the u
Page 39 and 40: (45) a. The people outside chanted
Page 41 and 42: a. The reporter enlarged the pictur
Page 43 and 44: syllables), and strengthenV/lengthe
Page 45 and 46: (58) a. caseN R b. encaseV [+c] [-c
Page 47 and 48: meaning (e.g. list, trench), which
Page 49 and 50: 4.3 Discussion This section is main
Page 51 and 52: the speaker intended on that occasi
Page 53 and 54: had no function to perform, i.e. th
Page 55 and 56: HK’s treatment of deadjectival Vs
Page 57 and 58: 5 CONCLUSIONS In this thesis, I con
Page 59 and 60: As for the remark made by several a
Page 61 and 62: a) V-to-enV Enact (act) 1 When a go
Page 63 and 64: Entreat 1 If you entreat someone to
Page 65 and 66: Enrich (rich) 1 To enrich something
Page 67 and 68: ORIGIN: not given. Cipher (n.) 1 A
Page 69 and 70: Enfold (fold) 1 If something enfold
Page 71 and 72: Lighten 2 (v.) 1 When something lig
Page 73 and 74: ORIGIN C19: from Spanish, via L. fr
Page 75 and 76: Derivative: entrapment. ORIGIN C16:
Page 77 and 78: d) This section presents those Vs w
Page 79 and 80: ORIGIN ME: from OFr. enduire, partl
Page 81 and 82: Ensconce (sconce) (often ensconce o
Page 83 and 84: Velop: non-existing. Environ formal
Page 85 and 86:
Intermediate Vs which have meanings
Page 87 and 88:
A → [en+A]V Transitive [+c] [-c-m
Page 89 and 90:
B) Trans [+c] (usually [+c+m]) [-c-
Page 91 and 92:
Tela → telar → entelar Verí
Page 93 and 94:
Appendix C This appendix includes t
Page 95 and 96:
Results: English questionnaire When
Page 97 and 98:
Results: Catalan questionnaire Of a
Page 99 and 100:
Di Sciullo, A. M. 1997. “Prefixed
Page 101 and 102:
Marantz, A. 1997. “No Escape from
Page 103:
Varela, S. (ed.). 1993. La formaci
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