Prefixation in English and Catalan - Departament de Filologia ...

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Counter (v.) 2 If you do something to counter a particular action or process, you do something which has an opposite effect to it or makes it less effective. ORIGIN ME: from OFr. contre, from L. contra ‘against’. Encroach 1 If one thing encroaches on another, the first thing spreads or becomes stronger, and slowly begins to restrict the power, range, or effectiveness of the second thing. Derivative: encroachment. ORIGIN ME (in the sense ‘seize’): from OFr. encrochier ‘seize, fasten upon’, from en- ‘in, on’ + crochier (from croc ‘hook’). Croach: non-existing. Encumber (cumber) 1 Impede, burden. If you are encumbered by something, it prevents you from moving freely or doing what you want. 2 If a place is encumbered with things, it contains so many of them that it is difficult to move freely there. The narrow quay was encumbered by hundreds of carts. ORIGIN ME: from OFr. encombrer ‘block up’, from en- ‘in’ + combre ‘river barrage’. Cumber (n.) archaic A hindrance, obstruction or burden. Cumber (v.) dated Hamper, hinder, or obstruct. ORIGIN ME (in the sense ‘overthrow, destroy’): probably from encumber. Endeavour (endeavor in American English) 1 If you endeavour to do something, you try very hard to do it; a formal use. I will endeavour to arrange it. ORIGIN ME: from the phrase ‘put oneself in devoir’ ‘do one’s utmost’. Devoir (n.) A person’s duty. ORIGIN ME: from OFr. deveir, from L. debere ‘owe’, influenced by Fr. devoir. Endorse (dorsum) (also indorse) 1 If you endorse someone or something, you say publicly that you support or approve of them. 3 When you endorse a cheque, you write your name on the back of it so that it can be paid into someone else’s bank account. The payee of the cheque must endorse the cheque. Derivative: endorsement. ORIGIN C15: from medieval L. indorsare, from L. in- ‘on’ + dorsum ‘back’. Dorsum (n.) [pl. dorsa] Anatomy and Zoology The dorsal part of an organism or structure. ORIGIN C18 (denoting a long hill or ridge): from L. back. Endow (dower) 1 Give or bequeath an income or property to. 2 You say that someone is endowed with a particular desirable ability, characteristic, or possession when they have it. Endowment. ORIGIN ME: from legal Anglo-Norman endouer, from en- ‘in, towards’ + OFr. douer ‘give as a gift’ (from L. dotare: see dower). Dower (n.) 1 A widow’s share for life of her husband’s estate. 2 archaic A dowry. Dower (v.) archaic Give a dowry to. ORIGIN ME: OFr. douaire, from medieval L. dotarium, from L. dotare ‘endow’, from dos, dot- ‘dowry’; related to dare ‘give’. Endue (also indue) poetic/literary Endow with a quality or ability. 75
ORIGIN ME: from OFr. enduire, partly from L. inducere (see induce), reinforced by the sense of L. induere ‘put on clothes’. Due (adj.) 1 Expected at, planned for, or required by a certain time. Due (n.) 1 A person’s right. ORIGIN ME: from OFr. deu ‘owed’, based on L. debitus ‘owed’, from debere ‘owe’. Endure 1 If you endure a painful or difficult situation, you experience it and do not avoid it or give up, usually because you cannot. Suffer (something painful and prolonged) patiently. The company endured heavy financial losses. 2 If something endures, it continues to exist without any loss in quality or importance. Remain in existence. Somehow the language endures and continues to survive. ORIGIN ME: from OFr. endurer, from L. indurare ‘to harden, endure’. Dure: non-existing. Energize (energy) (also spelled energise in British English) To energize someone means to give them the enthusiasm and determination to do something. ORIGIN: not given. Energy 1 The strength and vitality required for sustained activity. ORIGIN C16: from Fr. énergie, or via late L. from Gk energeia, from en- ‘in, within’ + ergon ‘work’. Ergize: non-existent. Engage 1 If you engage in an activity, you do it or are actively involved with it; a formal use. You can engage in croquet on the south lawn. 2 If something engages you or your attention or interest, it keeps you interested in it and thinking about it. They never learned skills to engage the attention of the others. Engagement. ORIGIN ME (originally in the sense ‘pawn or pledge something’): from Fr. engager, ultimately from the base of gage. Gage (n.) 1 A valued object deposited as a guarantee of good faith. 2 A pledge, especially a glove, thrown down as a challenge to fight. Gage (v.) Offer as a gage. ORIGIN ME: from OFr. gage (n.), gager (v.), of Gmc origin; related to wage and wed. Engender (gender) If someone or something engenders a particular feeling, atmosphere, or situation, they cause it to occur; a formal word. He could engender delight in students. ORIGIN ME: from OFr. engendrer, from L. ingenerare, from in- ‘in’ + generare ‘beget’. Gender (n.) 1 A person’s gender is the fact that they are male or female. 3 In grammar, the gender of a noun, pronoun, or adjective is whether it is masculine, feminine, or neuter. ORIGIN ME: from OFr. gendre (modern genre) based on L. genus ‘birth, family, nation’. Engineer (engine) 5 If you engineer an event or situation, you arrange for it to happen, in a clever or indirect way. Stalin engineered the murder. ORIGIN ME: from OFr. engigneor, from medieval L. ingeniator, from ingeniare ‘contrive’, from L. ingenium (see engine). Engine (n.) 1 A machine with moving parts that converts power into motion. 76
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Argument Structure and Morphology:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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2a) are typically category-changing
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(5) a. dobbelenV ‘to gamble’ Ag
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2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND This secti
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how the marking procedures work and
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As for the treatment of reflexives
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The fact that the suffix -ize forms
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may be considered negative by some,
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First, the classification of suffix
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unknown to derivation. 16 This is w
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3 RESEARCH METHODS Dictionaries hav
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To confirm the results from the dic
Page 27 and 28: ‘A boat crossed the Atlantic’ (
Page 29 and 30: form (endur-se
Page 31 and 32: (32) V {[+c]1, [-c-m]2} / \ en V {[
Page 33 and 34: . Ell encaputxà la Maria. He EN-ho
Page 35 and 36: (39) coixíN ‘cushion’ R encoix
Page 37 and 38: Although the dictionary lists the u
Page 39 and 40: (45) a. The people outside chanted
Page 41 and 42: a. The reporter enlarged the pictur
Page 43 and 44: syllables), and strengthenV/lengthe
Page 45 and 46: (58) a. caseN R b. encaseV [+c] [-c
Page 47 and 48: meaning (e.g. list, trench), which
Page 49 and 50: 4.3 Discussion This section is main
Page 51 and 52: the speaker intended on that occasi
Page 53 and 54: had no function to perform, i.e. th
Page 55 and 56: HK’s treatment of deadjectival Vs
Page 57 and 58: 5 CONCLUSIONS In this thesis, I con
Page 59 and 60: As for the remark made by several a
Page 61 and 62: a) V-to-enV Enact (act) 1 When a go
Page 63 and 64: Entreat 1 If you entreat someone to
Page 65 and 66: Enrich (rich) 1 To enrich something
Page 67 and 68: ORIGIN: not given. Cipher (n.) 1 A
Page 69 and 70: Enfold (fold) 1 If something enfold
Page 71 and 72: Lighten 2 (v.) 1 When something lig
Page 73 and 74: ORIGIN C19: from Spanish, via L. fr
Page 75 and 76: Derivative: entrapment. ORIGIN C16:
Page 77: d) This section presents those Vs w
Page 81 and 82: Ensconce (sconce) (often ensconce o
Page 83 and 84: Velop: non-existing. Environ formal
Page 85 and 86: Intermediate Vs which have meanings
Page 87 and 88: A → [en+A]V Transitive [+c] [-c-m
Page 89 and 90: B) Trans [+c] (usually [+c+m]) [-c-
Page 91 and 92: Tela → telar → entelar Verí
Page 93 and 94: Appendix C This appendix includes t
Page 95 and 96: Results: English questionnaire When
Page 97 and 98: Results: Catalan questionnaire Of a
Page 99 and 100: Di Sciullo, A. M. 1997. “Prefixed
Page 101 and 102: Marantz, A. 1997. “No Escape from
Page 103: Varela, S. (ed.). 1993. La formaci
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