Prefixation in English and Catalan - Departament de Filologia ...
Prefixation in English and Catalan - Departament de Filologia ...
Prefixation in English and Catalan - Departament de Filologia ...
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ORIGIN: not given.<br />
Cipher (n.) 1 A co<strong>de</strong> →A key to a co<strong>de</strong>. 2 dated Zero.<br />
Cipher (v.) 1 Enco<strong>de</strong> (a message). 2 archaic Do arithmetic.<br />
ORIGIN ME: from OFr. cifre, based on Arab sifr ‘zero, empty, cipher’.<br />
Encircle (circle) To encircle someth<strong>in</strong>g or someone means to surround or enclose<br />
them, or to go round them. A concrete wall encircles the jail.<br />
Derivative: encirclement<br />
ORIGIN: ME enserclen.<br />
Circle (n.) 1 A shape consist<strong>in</strong>g of a curved l<strong>in</strong>e completely surround<strong>in</strong>g an area. I<br />
wrote down the number 46 <strong>and</strong> drew a circle around it.<br />
Circle (v.) 4 If someth<strong>in</strong>g circles an object or place, or circles around it, it forms a<br />
circle around it. This is the r<strong>in</strong>g road that circles the city. 7 If you circle someth<strong>in</strong>g on<br />
a piece of paper, you draw a circle around it. Circle the correct answers on the coupon<br />
below.<br />
ORIGIN OE: from OFr. cercle, from L. circulus ‘small r<strong>in</strong>g’, dim<strong>in</strong>utive of circus<br />
‘r<strong>in</strong>g’.<br />
Enco<strong>de</strong> (co<strong>de</strong>) If you enco<strong>de</strong> a message, you put it <strong>in</strong>to a co<strong>de</strong> or express it <strong>in</strong> a<br />
different form. Convert <strong>in</strong>to a co<strong>de</strong>d form. They enco<strong>de</strong> data <strong>in</strong> a form that is not<br />
readable by people.<br />
ORIGIN: not given.<br />
Co<strong>de</strong> (n.) A system of replac<strong>in</strong>g the words <strong>in</strong> a message with other words or symbols,<br />
so that nobody can un<strong>de</strong>rst<strong>and</strong> it unless they know the system. They used elaborate<br />
secret co<strong>de</strong>s, as when the names of trees stood for letters.<br />
Co<strong>de</strong> (v.) Convert <strong>in</strong>to a co<strong>de</strong>.<br />
ORIGIN ME: via OFr. from L. co<strong>de</strong>x ‘trunk of a tree, document formed orig<strong>in</strong>ally from<br />
woo<strong>de</strong>n tablets’.<br />
Encompass (compass) 1 If someth<strong>in</strong>g encompasses particular th<strong>in</strong>gs, it <strong>in</strong>clu<strong>de</strong>s them.<br />
The extra services encompass a wi<strong>de</strong> range of special <strong>in</strong>terests. 2 To encompass a<br />
place means to completely surround or cover it. The mounta<strong>in</strong>ous doma<strong>in</strong> encompasses<br />
over a million square miles. The map encompasses n<strong>in</strong>e states.<br />
Derivative: encompassment.<br />
ORIGIN: not given.<br />
Compass (n.) 2 Compasses are a h<strong>in</strong>ged V-shape <strong>in</strong>strument used for draw<strong>in</strong>g circles.<br />
3 Someth<strong>in</strong>g that is with<strong>in</strong> the compass of someth<strong>in</strong>g or someone is with<strong>in</strong> their limits<br />
or their possible range of action or operation; a formal use. 36 holes a day would be<br />
with<strong>in</strong> the compass of most players.<br />
Compass (v.) archaic 1 Circle or surround. 2 Contrive to accomplish.<br />
ORIGIN ME: from OFr. compas (n.), compasser (v.) ‘to measure’, based on L. com-<br />
‘together’ + passus ‘a step or pace’.<br />
Encourage (courage) 1 If you encourage someone, you give them confi<strong>de</strong>nce. When<br />
th<strong>in</strong>gs aren’t go<strong>in</strong>g well, he encourages me. 3 If you encourage someone to do<br />
someth<strong>in</strong>g, you try to persua<strong>de</strong> them to do it.<br />
Derivative: encouragement.<br />
ORIGIN ME: from Fr. encourager, from en- ‘<strong>in</strong>’ + corage ‘courage’.<br />
Courage (n.) 1 Courage is the quality shown by someone who <strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>s to do<br />
someth<strong>in</strong>g difficult or dangerous, even though they may be afraid.<br />
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