B chapter.indd - Charles Babbage Institute - University of Minnesota

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is significant as it contains an entry for and photograph of the mechanical geared sector invented by Samuel Morland. 170 Illustrations available: Title page Samuel Morland’s mechanical sector Catalogue entry for Morland’s mechanical sector Erwin Tomash Library Boneto, Hebræo Bonocchi, Giovanni Battista Morland’s sector, B 195 B 196 Bonet de Lates (Boneto, Hebræo) (? –1514 or 1515) Annuli astronomici utilitatu[m] liber ad Alexandrum sextu[m] Po[n]tifice[m] maximum Year: 1558 Place: Paris B 196 Publisher: G. Cavellat Edition: 1st (Collected, 2nd issue) Language: Latin Binding: modern vellum Pagination: ff. 8, 159, [1] (i.e. ff. 103v–117) Collation: A 8 a–v 8 Size: 162x106 mm Reference: H&L, #2589, p. 588 Bonetus Hebraeus, as he is sometimes known, was a physician and astrologer to Pope Alexander VI. This work deals with a design for an astrolabe that could be made into a ring for his Pope. The device is completely impractical because of its small size but would have made a very impressive bit of jewelry. Illustrations available: Title page with ring illustration Bonnycastle, John, editor See Bossut, Charles; A general history of mathematics from the earliest times, to the middle of the eighteenth century, 1803 B 197 Bonocchi, Giovanni Battista B 197 Breve, et universale risolutione d’aritmetica, con la quale facilmente ogn’uno potrà rittouar, qual si voglia sorte di misura di terra all’uso del stato di Milano, & in ogni parte, doue si và à pertica. Year: 1617 Place: Lodi Publisher: Paolo Bertoetti
Erwin Tomash Library Boole, George Boole, George Edition: 2nd Language: Italian Binding: original paper wrappers Pagination: pp. [4], 72 Collation: * 2 A–I 4 Size: 261x191 mm Reference: Smi Rara, p. 347; Rcdi BMI, Vol. I, p. 154 This is a set of tables for converting units of measurement used in and around Milan. The first two pages provide a very short explanation, and the rest of the work is made up of the tables. Illustrations available: Title page Page of tables B 198 Boole, George (1815–1864) An investigation of the laws of thought on which are founded the mathematical theories of logic and probabilities Year: 1854 Place: London Publisher: Macmillan Edition: 1st Language: English Binding: modern leather; gilt spine; red leather label Pagination: pp. [12], 426, 6 Collation: * 6 B–2E 8 Size: 224x138 mm The son of a Lincolnshire cobbler who was also an amateur mathematician and lens grinder, George Boole was a promising student, but his family circumstances prevented him from obtaining more than an ordinary school education. After leaving school at age 15, he found work as an assistant teacher in the area and, with his father’s encouragement, set up his own school. In his spare time he mastered Latin, Greek and several European languages, as well as mathematics. He found ample opportunity to satisfy his wide-ranging intellectual curiosity when, in 1834, the Mechanics Institution was founded in Lincoln, and Boole was hired to be in charge of the reading room. His first mathematical paper appeared in 1840, when he was 25 years old, and in 1844 his seminal paper, “On a general method of analysis,” appeared in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, which resulted in his receiving the first Royal Society Gold Medal for Mathematics. His most famous work, which established the principles of symbolic logic, is The mathematical analysis of logic, being an essay towards a calculus of deductive reasoning, published in 1847. B 198 In 1849, he was appointed to the professorship of mathematics at Queen’s College, Cork, despite his lack of formal qualifications. He made many contributions to mathematics, but his most significant work was the creation of mathematical logic. Several people, most notably Leibniz and DeMorgan, had attempted some type of algebraic treatment of logic prior to Boole, but none had managed to overcome the difficulties that arose when considering anything beyond the most trivial situations. Boole’s entry into this field was due to a simple argument between DeMorgan and the Scottish philosopher W. Hamilton. Hamilton had derided some of DeMorgan’s attempts to introduce the systems of algebra into logic, asserting that logic was the realm of the philosopher and that mathematics was dangerous and useless. Boole, using Hamilton’s own arguments, showed that logic was not part of philosophy. He then proceeded to examine whether logic, like geometry, might be founded on a group of axioms (see entry for Boole, The mathematical analysis of logic, 1847). In recent times, Boolean logic has found widespread use in the design of digital computers and communications systems. In the present book, Boole applied algebraic methods to logic and initiated a revolution in mathematics, to say nothing of philosophy and linguistics. While his earlier 171
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