B chapter.indd - Charles Babbage Institute - University of Minnesota

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Babbage, Charles B 20 Babbage, Charles (1791–1871) On the economy of machinery and manufactures. 74 Year: 1835 Place: London Publisher: Charles Knight Edition: 4th Language: English Figures: steel engraved title page Binding: original cloth boards Pagination: pp. iii–xii, [2], xiii–xxiv, 408 Collation: a 8 b 4 B–2B 8 C–E 4 Size: 160x95 mm Reference: Van S CBCP, #70; Babb CBLP, #71, #73; Ran ODC, p. 405; MCK CBCW, v. 8 This is the fourth edition. The work was a popular success, with four editions in a little over two years. Illustrations available: Title page B 21 Babbage, Charles (1791–1871) On electrical and magnetic rotations. In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society for the year MDCCCXXVI. Year: 1826 Place: London Publisher: Royal Society of London Edition: 1st Language: English Figures: 19 engraved plates (5 folding) Binding: original paper wrappers Pagination: pp. 494 –528. Collation: 3Sv 4 –3V 4 3Y 2 Size: 295x230 mm Reference: Van S CBCP, #70; Babb CBLP, #71, #73; Ran ODC, p. 405 This is a paper on the magnetic properties of matter. See the entry Babbage, Charles; On a method of expressing signs, 1826, for an illustration of the title page of this volume of the Philosophical Transactions. Illustrations available: Title page (see above) B 22 Babbage, Charles (1791–1871) An examination of some questions connected with games of chance. Year: 1821 Place: London Publisher: Royal Society of Edinburgh Edition: 1st Language: English Erwin Tomash Library Babbage title page, B 23 Babbage, Charles Binding: disbound extract Pagination: pp. 153–177 Size: 272x215 mm. Reference: Van S CBCP, #14; Babb CBLP, #12; Ran ODC, p. 5; MCK CBCW, v. 1, pp. 327–343; Dub MWCB, p. 231 This is an extract of one of Babbage’s technical mathematical papers. Illustrations available: First page B 23 Babbage, Charles (1791–1871) Examples of the solutions of functional equations. b/w: Herschel, J. F. W.; A collection of examples of the applications of the calculus of finite differences. Year: 1820 Place: Cambridge Publisher: J. Smith for J. Deighton et. al. Edition: 1st Language: English Figures: one engraved plate Binding: green cloth boards Pagination: pp. vi, 172, [iv], 42 Collation: *a 3 *A–*X 4 *Y 2 * 2 A–E 4 F 1 Size: 225x140 mm Van S CBCP #70; Babb CBLP #71, #73; Ran ODC, p. 405; MCK CBCW, v. 1, pp. 283–326; Dub MWCB, p. 230 While undergraduate students at Cambridge in 1812, Charles Babbage and his two friends George Peacock and John Herschel, formed the Analytical Society to bring mathematics teaching in England up to the standards of the European continent. Their first undertaking was to translate into English a French calculus book by Sylvestre François Lacroix (Traité du calcul
Babbage, Charles Herschel title page, B 23 Peacock title page, B 23 différentiel et du calcul integral, 1797–1800) (see entry for [Babbage, et al., translators] – Lacroix, Sylvestre François; An elementary treatise on the differential and integral calculus. Translated from the French with an appendix and notes, 1816). This volume consists of a large set of examples of the applications of the calculus of differences, initially intended to accompany that translation but ultimately published separately. It contains examples (171 pp.) by Herschel for the calculus of finite differences and Babbage’s smaller (42 pp.), eighty-three worked examples of the calculus of functions. The printer, J. Smith, printer to the University, issued the work in two forms. One was in two volumes, the first containing the work of Peacock and the second containing the work of Babbage and Herschel. Smith also produced an issue containing the work of all three Erwin Tomash Library Babbage, Charles authors. A copy of this later edition is available in the collection. Peacock (1791–1858) held the Lowndean chair of astronomy and geometry at Cambridge from 1836 to 1858 but stopped lecturing there when he became Dean of Ely Cathedral in 1839. The translation became very popular and was used for many years as a calculus text in British universities. Illustrations available: Title page of Babbage section Title page of Herschel section Title page from Peacock’s section (from the second copy) B 24 Babbage, Charles (1791–1871) The exposition of 1851; or, views of the industry, the science, and the government of England. Year: 1851 Place: London Publisher: London Edition: 1st Language: English Binding: original cloth boards; spine and cover gilt stamped Pagination: pp. xvi, 290, [4], 16 Collation: A–T 8 U 3 χ 8 Size: 226x138 mm Reference: Van S CBCP, #70; Babb CBLP, #71, #73; Ran ODC, p. 405; MCK CBCW, v. 10 Martin Campbell-Kelly, editor of The works of Charles Babbage (London, 1989), describes this as a vitriolic volume. It was written after Charles Babbage was not invited to take part in the organization of the International Exposition of 1851. The exhibition, held to celebrate progress in arts and manufactures, was opened by Queen Victoria and took place in Hyde Park in Joseph Paxton’s newly erected, eye-catching Crystal Palace. In the Dictionary of National Biography, the work is described as the diatribe of a disappointed man. Babbage had sought permission from the organizing committee to display the model of his Difference Engine and had been refused. In this polemic, Babbage not only criticized the policies of the organizers of the exhibition but also broadened his censure to include the low estate to which science in Great Britain had fallen. To remedy the Exposition Committee’s failure to recognize the importance and value of the Difference Engine, Babbage included a chapter on the machine and its history (pp. 173–188) in the main body of the text. In an appendix he provided a copy of a previously published (1849) pamphlet containing articles by Charles Weld and Augustus DeMorgan that present Babbage and his work on the Difference Engine in an objective and factual light. 75
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