impaginato piccolo - Società Italiana di Parassitologia (SoIPa)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

98 test, whereas for the remaining 89 patients, tests proved to be negative. Figure 1 shows the epidemic curve of confirmed and probable cases, thus showing the time distribution of cases since the onset date of symptoms. Discusssion The described event has proven that vector-borne diseases can spread not only in tropical areas but also in all those sites where the vector (in this case Ae. albopictus) is present. This new scenario is due to the massive presence of carrier insects that are responsible for the transmission of this type of diseases in the Emilia- Romagna Region. It requires an overhaul and timely adoption of effective and sensitive pest control measures as well as health surveillance systems. These measures are not only required by international health authorities, but they have become absolutely necessary to avoid the recurrence of epidemic outbreaks, like the one that emerged last summer in the Emilia- Romagna Region, which is likely to cause serious public health problems. At this aim a “Regional Plan of the Emilia-Romagna Regional Authority for the fight against the Asian Tiger Mosquito and the prevention of Chikungunya and Dengue Fever” for the year 2008 has been adopted. The objectives of the plan are: (i) optimization of the fight against the Asian Tiger Mosquito to reduce the pest population rate as much as possible, (ii) early detection of the presence of potentially viremic patients in view of an immediate and coordinated implementation of health protection measures. The Regional Plan, which has been designed taking into account the specific situation of the Emilia-Romagna region, complies with the national rules and regulations in the field, with special reference to the compulsory transmissible disease notification scheme, surveillance and control system, international prophylaxis measures and international movement control of goods, blood donations and organ and tissue sampling. References Angelini R, Finarelli AC, Angelini P, Po C, Petropulacos K, Macini P, Fiorentini C, Fortuna C, Venturi G, Romi R, Majori G, Nicoletti L, Rezza G, Cassone A 2007 Eurosurveillance weekly releases 2007 Volume 12 / Issue 9 Angelini R, Finarelli AC, Angelini P, Po C, Petropulacos K, Silvi G, Macini P, Fortuna C, Venturi G, Magurano F, Fiorentini C, Marchi A, Benedetti E, Bucci P, Boros S, Romi R, Majori G, Ciufolini MG Nicoletti L, Rezza G, Cassone A, 2007 Eurosurveillance weekly releases 2007 Volume 12 / Issue 11 Bellini R., Venturelli C., Finarelli A.C., Angelini R., Angelini P., P. Angelini et al. - Chykungunia in Italy Fig. 1. CHICV outbreak, Emilia Romagna Region, Italy, August, 2008. Epidemic curve of confirmed and probable cases,s showing the time distribution of cases since the onset date of symptoms. January Fig. 2. CHICV outbreak, Emilia Romagna Region, Italy, August, 2008. Provinces of Ravenna, Forli-Cesena and Rimini. Distribution of the 217 confirmed cases Dottori M.,.Macini P. 2008. 74th Ann. Meet. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., Sparks, Nevada, March 2-6, pag. 30 Bonilauri P, Bellini R. Calzolari M, Angelini R, Venturi L,. Fallacara F, Cordioli P, Angelini P, Venturelli C,. Merialdi G, Dottori M. 2008. Emerging Infectious Disease (In press) Dottori M, Bonilauri P, Bellini R. Cordioli P, Tamba M, Sambri V, Calzolari M, Angelini P, Macini P, Venturi L,. Angelini R, Lavazza A, Martini E, Finarelli AC, Venturelli C,. Vecchi G,. 2008 Praxis Vet Vol. IXXX 1/2008. Rezza G, Nicoletti L, Angelini R, Romi R, Finarelli AC, Panning M, Cordioli P, Fortuna C, Boros S, Magurano F, Silvi G, Angelini P, Dottori M, Ciufolini MG, Majori G, Cassone A 2007 lancet 370:1840-46
Parassitologia 50: 99-101, 2008 Availability of insecticidal molecules to control Aedes albopictus (Skuse) A. Baseggio I.N.D.I.A. INDUSTRIE CHIMICHE S.p.A, Technical Assistance Introduction Abstract. Following the implementation of the Directive 98/8/CE a few changes in the availability of insecticidal molecules to control Ae. albopictus have been outlined. Available products for larvicidal treatments will predominantly be based upon two growth regulators (diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen). For the control of the adult forms there will mostly be active ingredients belonging to the pyrethroid group. Importance of surveillance for the onset of tolerance or resistance phenomena. Keywords: Ae. Albopictus, Italy, insecticides, availability. The current availability of insecticidal molecules to control Aedes albopictus in Italy and the other European Community member states will undergo a reduction in both the number of active ingredients and commercial formulations that can be used. The reduction will affect both professional pest controllers as well as private consumers. The reason for this reduction is the implementation of the review enforced by the Directive 98/8/EC known as the “Biocidal Products Directive”.The first “practical” consequences of this directive, with regards to the availability of insecticidal active ingredients, are included in the Commission Regulation (EC) N° 2032/2003 and have brought about, amongst other things, the ban on the use of triclorphon active ingredient, used in Italy for the production of slow-release tablets registered for the treatment of stagnant water for mosquito larvae in general. A more important further effect is the ban on the use of temephos active ingredient as of the 31 st March 2008 (Ministry of Health decree 24/10/2007). Over the last 20 years temephos has been the most widely used active ingredient for the production of larvicidal formulations. This active ingredient was available in a wide variety of formulations: emulsifiable concentrates, water-based microemulsions and slow-release tablets.From the 22 th August 2008 (G.U.U.E. L 216/17 of the 21.08.2007) malathionbased products can no longer be used (from this date the use of chlorpyrifos-ethyl and chlorpyrifos-methyl will also cease but this active ingredient is thought to have only been used for adulticidal treatments against Ae. albopictus in a few areas of central and southern Italy due to its high resistance to thermal degradation). The ban on malathion use could have a greater impact than that of chlorpyrifos-ethyl and methyl, particularly for the use made by professional pest controllers. Correspondence: Alberto Baseggio, I.N.D.I.A. Industrie Chimiche S.p.A. - Via Nona Strada, 55 35129 Padova, Italy Tel + 39 049 8076144, Fax + 39 049 8076146, e-mail: a.baseggio@indiaprodotti.com The amount of malathion sold by I.N.D.I.A. S.p.A. during the 2007 season alone to professional pest controllers and public pest control services against mosquitoes amounts to approximately 15,000 litres of commercial formulations.The insecticidal molecules that are very likely to be authorised for use (but confirmation will only come once the dossiers submitted for review have been approved) following the review enforced by the BPD are: 1) For larvicidal treatments: (i) Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis serotype H 14: (ii)Bacillus sphaericus (currently unavailable in Italy); (iii) Diflubenzuron (chitin synthesis inhibitor); (iv) Pyriproxyfen (juvenile hormone analogue): In the summer of 2008 the experimentation of Spinosad-based formulations will also begin in Italy. Commercial products are expected to become available, for mosquito larvae control, from 2010-2011. At the moment the availability of S-methoprene growth regulator doesn’t appear to be certain. The dossier required by the Biocidal Products Directive will be submitted but probably without envisaging use in waterways.By examining the applicative conditions that characterise the larvae-control campaign treatments against Ae. albopictus, and based upon a few experiences collected from the public services who coordinate the Ae. albopictus control treatments in their territory, a few simple conclusions can be drawn.The use of B. thur. var. israelensis-based formulations can be helpful for citizens who wish to carry out their own larvicidal treatments, but the larval control only becomes significant if the commercial formulation is applied at least weekly and if, at the same time, the larval development breeding grounds on public land are subject to careful control.For the public services who need to plan the treatment of thousands (or tens of thousands) of micro breeding grounds present on public land (mostly road drainage grates of various shapes and sizes) the use of products marked by reduced persistence is not economically sustainable, not due to the cost of the product but due to the cost of the manpower necessary for its application. Diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen are currently extremely efficient against Ae. albopictus. In particular,
Page 1 and 2:
PARASSITOLOGIA A publication of the
Page 3:
P A R A SSIT O L O GIA Founded in 1
Page 6 and 7:
The individual authors take respons
Page 9:
Parassitologia 50, 2008 RICORDO DEL
Page 13 and 14:
Parassitologia 50: 9-16, 2008 The c
Page 15 and 16:
eceptor subunits move closer togeth
Page 17 and 18:
Chemokines have several functions a
Page 19 and 20:
tion of the brain. Nature 421:744-8
Page 21 and 22:
Parassitologia 50: 17-24, 2008 Epid
Page 23 and 24:
adic or imported cases have been ob
Page 25 and 26:
other EU countries, yet the impact
Page 27 and 28:
Fasciola hepatica. II: La fasciolos
Page 29 and 30:
Parassitologia 50: 25-29, 2008 Arte
Page 31 and 32:
Ferry along the Potomac River. The
Page 33:
for each of these chemical entities
Page 37:
SIMPOSIO 1 ZOONOSI PROTOZOARIE: TOX
Page 40 and 41:
36 Many children with congenital to
Page 42 and 43:
38 Health promotion (Primary Preven
Page 44 and 45:
40 infants with CT newly synthesise
Page 46 and 47:
42 References Ades AE, Gilbert R, T
Page 49 and 50:
Parassitologia 50: 45-50, 2008 Clin
Page 51 and 52: C. Contini - management of toxoplas
Page 53 and 54: C. Contini - management of toxoplas
Page 55 and 56: Parassitologia 50: 51-53, 2008 Toxo
Page 57: V. Meroni, F. Genco - Toxoplasmosis
Page 60 and 61: 56 A.W. Pfaff, E. Candolfi - Immuno
Page 62 and 63: 58 A.W. Pfaff, E. Candolfi - Immuno
Page 64 and 65: 60 (Kijlstra et al., 2006). Regardi
Page 67: SIMPOSIO 2 IL PIANETA MALASSEZIA
Page 70 and 71: 66 C. Cafarchia, D. Otranto - Malas
Page 73 and 74: Parassitologia 50: 69-71, 2008 Skin
Page 75: E. M. Difonzo, E. Faggi - Skin dise
Page 78 and 79: 74 R. Galuppi, M.P. Tampieri - Mala
Page 80 and 81: 76 R. Galuppi, M.P. Tampieri - Mala
Page 82 and 83: 78 Table 1. Current composition of
Page 85 and 86: Parassitologia 50: 81-83, 2008 Diag
Page 87: tribution and population size of Ma
Page 90 and 91: 86 A. Peano, M.G. Gallo - Treatment
Page 92 and 93: 88 A. Peano, M.G. Gallo - Treatment
Page 94 and 95: 90 (vii) Antimycotic properties, pr
Page 97 and 98: Parassitologia 50: 93-95, 2008 Unco
Page 99: SIMPOSIO 3 AEDES ALBOPICTUS IN ITAL
Page 104 and 105: 100 pyriproxyfen is twice as biolog
Page 107 and 108: Parassitologia 50: 103-104, 2008 Bl
Page 109 and 110: Parassitologia 50: 105-107, 2008 De
Page 111: B. Cignini et al. - The ten-year ex
Page 114 and 115: 110 cumstances of isolation of Bahi
Page 117 and 118: Parassitologia 50: 113-115, 2008 Im
Page 119: for what concern the time of biting
Page 122 and 123: 118 during the past winter season w
Page 125 and 126: Parassitologia 50: 121-123, 2008 Ae
Page 127: fall recorded in the considered per
Page 130 and 131: 126 Remarks Surprisingly, except fo
Page 132 and 133: 128 Conclusion A. Tamburro - Admini
Page 135: SIMPOSIO 4 IL RUOLO DELLA RICERCA N
Page 138 and 139: 134 approach and SAR studies. DDcl
Page 140 and 141: 136 Program financed by ANTIMAL. S.
Page 142 and 143: 138 A. della Torre et al. - Researc
Page 144 and 145: 140 A. della Torre et al. - Researc
Page 147 and 148: Parassitologia 50: 143-145, 2008 He
Page 149: E. Schwarzer et al. - Hemozoin and
Page 152 and 153:
148 geographic distribution in sub-
Page 154 and 155:
150 K.E., Beldjord, C., Nagel, R.L.
Page 157:
Parassitologia 50, 2008 Angelini P.
show all

impaginato piccolo - Società Italiana di Parassitologia (SoIPa)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?