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Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition

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172 SECTION III Central & Peripheral Neurophysiology<br />

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS<br />

For all questions, select the single best answer unless otherwise directed.<br />

1. The distance by which two touch stimuli must be separated to be<br />

perceived as two separate stimuli is greatest on the<br />

A) lips.<br />

B) palm <strong>of</strong> the hand.<br />

C) back <strong>of</strong> the scapula.<br />

D) dorsum <strong>of</strong> the hand.<br />

E) tips <strong>of</strong> the fingers.<br />

2. Visceral pain<br />

A) shows relatively rapid adaptation.<br />

B) is mediated by B fibers in the dorsal roots <strong>of</strong> the spinal<br />

nerves.<br />

C) is poorly localized.<br />

D) resembles "fast pain" produced by noxious stimulation <strong>of</strong> the<br />

skin.<br />

E) causes relaxation <strong>of</strong> nearby skeletal muscles.<br />

3. Nociceptors<br />

A) are activated by strong pressure, severe cold, severe heat, and<br />

chemicals.<br />

B) are absent in visceral organs.<br />

C) are specialized structures located in the skin and joints.<br />

D) are innervated by group II afferents.<br />

E) all <strong>of</strong> the above<br />

4. Thermoreceptors<br />

A) are activated only by severe cold or severe heat.<br />

B) are located on superficial layers <strong>of</strong> the skin.<br />

C) are a subtype <strong>of</strong> nociceptors.<br />

D) are on dendritic endings <strong>of</strong> Aδ fibers and C fibers.<br />

E) all <strong>of</strong> the above<br />

CHAPTER RESOURCES<br />

Boron WF, Boulpaep EL: <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Physiology</strong>, Elsevier, 2005.<br />

Craig AD: How do you feel? Interoception: The sense <strong>of</strong> the<br />

physiological condition <strong>of</strong> the body. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002;3:655.<br />

Garry EM, Jones E, Fleetwood-Walker SM: Nociception in<br />

vertebrates: Key receptors participating in spinal mechanisms <strong>of</strong><br />

chronic pain in animals. Brain Res Rev 2004;46: 216.<br />

Haines DE (editor): Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical<br />

Applications, 3rd ed. Elsevier, 2006.<br />

Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (editors): Principles <strong>of</strong> Neural<br />

Science, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2000.<br />

Marchand F, Perretti M, McMahon SB: Role <strong>of</strong> the immune system<br />

in chronic pain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005;6:521.<br />

Mendell JR, Sahenk Z: Painful sensory neuropathy. N Engl J Med<br />

2003;348:1243.

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