Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition

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702 INDEX Intrinsic system, 532 Introns, 11 Invasion of immune cells, 90 Inverse stretch reflex, 162–163 In vitro fertilization, 424 Involutional osteoporosis, 374 Iodide transport across thyrocytes, 303 Iodine homeostasis, 303 Iodotyrosine deiodinase, 305 Ion channels, 33, 45–47 in myelinated neurons, 85 Ion distribution, 96 Ionic basis of photoreceptor potentials, 190 Ionic composition of blood, 503–504 Ionic fluxes, 96 during action potential, 85 Ionotropic receptors, 141 IPSP. See Inhibitory postsynaptic potential IP3R. See Inositol triphosphate receptor Iris, 181 Iron, 458–459 Iron deficiency anemia, 527 Irradiation of stimulus, 164 Irritant receptors, 632 Ischemic hypoxia, 617 Ishihara charts, 196 Islet cell hormones, 330–331 organization of pancreatic islets, 331 pancreatic polypeptide, 331 somatostatin, 330–331 Islet cell structure, 316 Isocapnic buffering, 636 Isoforms, 102, 108 Isohydric principle, 4 Isomaltase, 452 Isometric, 101 Isotonic, 6, 101 Isovolumetric ventricular contraction, 508 Itch, 168 IUDs. See Intrauterine devices J JAMs. See Junctional adhesion molecules Jaundice, 483–484 JG cells. See Juxtaglomerular cells Jugular pulse, 512 Junction, neuromuscular, 123–125 anatomy, 123 end plate potential, 124 quantal release of transmitter, 124–125 sequence of events during transmission, 123–124 Junctional adhesion molecules, 38 Junctional folds, 123 Juvenile diabetes, 334 Juxtacrine communication, 50 Juxtaglomerular apparatus, 641, 673 Juxtaglomerular cells, 641, 673 Juxtamedullary nephrons, 640 K K complexes, 234 Kainate receptors, 141 Kallidin, 566 Kallikreins, 566 Kallmann syndrome, 282 Karyotype, 392 Kayser–Fleischer rings, 252 Kernicterus, 530, 574 Ketoacidosis, 26 Ketogenic, 18 Ketone bodies, 23–24 Ketosteroids, 342, 348 Kety method, 574–575 Kilocalorie, 460 Kinases, 51 Kinesin, 37 Kininase I, 566 Kininase II, 566 Kinins, 168, 566 Kinocilium, 207 Knee jerk, 159 Knee jerk reflex, 158 Kupffer cells, 480 Kussmaul breathing, 324 L Labyrinth, 205 Labyrinth righting reflexes, 215 Lacis cells, 641, 673 Lacrimal duct, 185 Lacrimal gland, 185 Lactase, 452 Lactation, 426–427 development of breasts, 426 effect of lactation on menstrual cycles, 427 gynecomastia, 427 initiation of lactation after delivery, 427 Lactic acidosis, 324 Lactose, 452 Lambert–Eaton syndrome, 126 Lamellar bodies, 597 Laminar flow, 540 Laminins, 38 Language, 295—298 complementary specialization of the hemispheres vs. “cerebral dominance,” 295–296 disorders, 297–298 physiology, 296–297 Large molecular transmitters, 143–145 opioid peptides, 143–144 polypeptides, 144–145 substance P, 143 tachykinins, 143 Late diastole, 507 Late endosome, 44 Latent period, 88 Lateral brain stem pathway, 247 Lateral corticospinal tract, 242 Lateral geniculate body, 184 Lateral inhibition, 153, 193 Lateral intercellular spaces, 640, 648 Lateral olfactory stria, 221 Law of Laplace, 542–543 Law of projection, 155 Law of specific nerve energies, 153–155 LCAT. See Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase LDL. See Low-density lipoproteins Lead pipe rigidity, 253 Leaky epithelium, 648 Learning, 289–295 Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, 27 Left axis deviation, 495 Left bundle branch block, 497 Left ventricular ejection time, 510 LEMS. See Lambert–Eaton syndrome Length of systole, diastole, 510 Lengthening reaction, 163 Lens suspensary ligament, 181 Lenticular nucleus, 250, 252 Leu-enkephalin, 144 Leukemia inhibitory factor, 91 Leukotrienes, 28 Levodopa, 254 Lewy bodies, 254 LH. See Luteinizing hormone LHRH. See Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone LIF. See Leukemia inhibitory factor Ligands, 33 Light adaptation, 197 Light chains, 73 Limiting pH, 680 Linear acceleration, 215–216 Lipidated, 33 Lipid breakdown, 103 Lipids, 23–29, 457–458 fat absorption, 457–458 fat digestion, 457 short-chain fatty acids in colon, 458 steatorrhea, 457 Lipid transport, 24, 26–27 Lipoproteins lipase, 26 Lipoxins, 28 Liver, 479–488 ammonia metabolism, excretion, 484–485 bile, 482–483 bilirubin metabolism, excretion, 483 detoxification, 481–482 functional anatomy, 479–480 functions, 481–485 glucuronyl transferase, 484 hepatic circulation, 480–481 jaundice, 483–484 metabolism, 481–482 synthesis of plasma proteins, 482 Local injury, 75–76 Local osteolytic hypercalcemia, 370 Local regulation, cardiovascular system, 563 autoregulation, 563 localized vasoconstriction, 563 vasodilator metabolites, 563 Local response, 86 Locomotor pattern generators, 249 Long QT syndrome, 214, 501 Long-term depression, 291 Long-term memory, 290, 293 Long-term potentiation, 141, 291 Loop of Henle, 640 Loudness, 209 Lou Gehrig disease. See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Low-density lipoproteins, 27 Lower esophageal sphincter, 471–473 Lower motor neuron lesion, 104 Lower motor neurons, 243, 244 Low-molecular-weight kininogen, 566 Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome, 501 Low-pressure system, 543 LSD. See Lysergic acid diethylamide LTD. See Long-term depression LTP. See Long-term potentiation Lung, 590–591 air passages, 588–590 anatomy, 588–591 blood flow, 590–591 bronchi, 590 respiratory system, 588 Lung defense mechanisms, 605 Lungs, metabolic functions, 605–606 Lung volumes, 593–594 Luteal cells, 412 Luteal phase, 412 Luteinizing hormone, 279, 377 Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, 280 Luteolysis, 421 LVET. See Left ventricular ejection time
Lymph, 535 Lymphangiogenesis, 539 Lymphatic circulation, 550 interstitial fluid volume, 551–552 Lymphatics, 538, 643 Lymphedema, 552 Lymph flow, 521–554 Lymphocytes, 63, 65–66, 523 Lysergic acid diethylamide, 137 Lysin vasopressin, 277 Lysosomal storage diseases, 35 Lysosomes, 34–35 Lysylbradykinin, 566 M M cells, 456 M-CSF. See Macrophage colony-stimulating factor Macroheterogeneity, 443 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, 65 Macrophages, 63 Macula, 206 Macula densa, 641, 652, 673 Macula lutea, 182 Macular sparing, 198 Magnetic resonance imaging, 82 Magnocellular neurons, electrical activity, 278 Major histo-compatibility complex, 71 Major proglucagon fragment, 328 Male hypogonadism, 410 Male pseudohermaphroditism, 397 Male reproductive system, 402–410 abnormalities of testicular function, 410 actions, 407 anabolic effects, 408 androgen-secreting tumors, 410 blood–testis barrier, 402–403 chemistry, 406–407 control of testicular function, 409–410 cryptorchidism, 410 effect of temperature, 405 ejaculation, 406 endocrine function of testes, 406–409 erection, 405–406 gametogenesis, 402–406 inhibins, 409–410 male hypogonadism, 410 mechanism of action, 408–409 metabolism, 407 PSA, 406 secondary sex characteristics, 407–408 secretion, 407 semen, 405 spermatogenesis, 403–404 spermatozoa development, 404 steroid feedback, 410 structure, 402 testicular production of estrogens, 409 transport, 407 vasectomy, 406 Male secondary sex characteristics, 407 Malignant hyperthermia, 286 Malleus, 203 Maltase, 452 Maltose, 452 Maltotriose, 452 Mannose-binding lectin pathway, 69 Manubrium, 203 MAP-1B, 130 MAP kinase. See Mitogen activated protein kinase Marrow, bone, 522 Masking, 209 Mass action contraction, 476 Mass reflex, 250 Mast cells, 63, 65, 137 Mastication, 471 Matrix, 250 Maximal stimulus, 88 Maximal voluntary ventilation, 593 Maximum metabolic rate, 462 Mayer waves, 562 Mean pressure, 544 Mean QRS vector, 495 Measuring blood pressure, 544–545 Mechanical nociceptors, 167 Mechanoreceptors, 150 Medial brain stem pathways, 246–247 Medial geniculate body, 211 Medial lemniscal system, 173 Medial lemniscus, 153, 173 Medial temporal lobe, 292–293 Median eminence, 275, 573 Medulla, 394 Medullary chemoreceptors, 629 Medullary control of cardiovascular system, 556–558 Medullary hormones, 338–342 adrenal medulla, substances secreted by, 340 catecholamines, 338–340 dopamine, effects of, 342 norepinephrine, effects of, 340–342 Medullary reticulospinal tract, 246 Megakaryocytes, 523 Meiosis, 13 Meissner corpuscles, 150 Melanins, 379 Melanocytes, 379 Melanophores, 379 Melanopsin, 192 Melanotropin-1, 379 Melanotropins, 379 Melatonin, 238–239 Membrane permeability, 45–46 Membrane potential, 8 Membrane transport proteins, 45–46 Membranous labyrinth, 205 Memory, 289–300 Memory B cells, 70–72 Memory T cells, 70 Menarche, 398 Ménière disease, 216 Menopause, 400 Menorrhagia, 423 Menstrual cycle, 411–415 abnormalities, 422–423 anovulatory cycles, 413–414 changes in breasts, 414 changes during intercourse, 414 changes in uterine cervix, 414 effect of lactation on, 427 estrous cycle, 415 indicators of ovulation, 414–415 normal menstruation, 413 ovarian cycle, 411–412 uterine cycle, 412–413 vaginal cycle, 414 Menstruation, 411 Merkel cells, 150 Merosin, 96 Mesangial cells, 640 Mescaline, 137 Mesocortical dopaminergic neurons, 179 Mesocortical system, 140 INDEX 703 Messenger RNA, 13 Met-enkephalin, 144 Metabolic acidosis, 615–616, 684 alkalosis, 615–616 Metabolic alkalosis, 616, 684 Metabolic rate, 459–460 factors affecting, 461–462 measuring, 461 Metabolic myopathies, 98 Metabolic syndrome, 334–335 Metabolic theory of autoregulation, 563 Metabolism, 102–104, 109, 318, 459–463 Metabotropic receptors, 141 Metahypophysical diabetes, 328 Metarterioles, 537 Metathyroid diabetes, 328 Methemoglobin, 524, 621 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 137 Metrorrhagia, 423 MGluR4, 226 MHC. See Major histo-compatibility complex Micelles, 439, 457 Microfilaments, 35–36 Microfold cells, 456 Microglia, 80 activation of, 90 Microheterogeneity, 443 Microsomes, 32 Microtubule-organizing centers, 37 Microtubules, 35 Micturition, 639–664 Midcollicular decerebration, 247 Middle ear, 203–205 Middle peduncle, 254 Mifepristone, 419 Migrating motor complex, 470–471 Milk ejection, 279 Milk ejection reflex, 279 Mineral requirements, 464 Mineralocorticoids, 337, 343, 354–356 actions, 354–355 adrenalectomy, 356 effect of adrenalectomy, 356 mechanism of action, 355 Na + excretion, 355–356 salt balance, 359 Minerals, absorption of, 458–459 Miniature end plate potential, 124 Miraculin, 226 Mitochondria, 34 Mitogen activated protein kinase, 52 Mitral cells, 220 Mixed nerves, properties of, 88 MMC. See Migrating motor complex Modality, 152 Modiolus, 206 Molecular building blocks, 10–15 DNA, 11–13 meiosis, 13 mitosis, 13 nucleic acids, 10–11 nucleosides, 10–11 nucleotides, 10–11 replication, 13 RNA, 13–15 Molecular mimicry, 75 Molecular motors, 37 Moles, 2 Monoamines, 130, 134–138 acetylcholine, 134–135 acetylcholine receptors, 135–136 cholinesterases, 135
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Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hil
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iv Key Features of the 23rd Edition
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About the Authors KIM E. BARRETT Ki
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viii CONTENTS 27. Digestion, Absorp
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2 SECTION I Cellular & Molecular Ba
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10 SECTION I Cellular & Molecular B
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80 SECTION II Physiology of Nerve &
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100 SECTION II Physiology of Nerve
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168 SECTION III Central & Periphera
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302 SECTION IV Endocrine & Reproduc
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430 SECTION V Gastrointestinal Phys
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490 SECTION VI Cardiovascular Physi
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588 SECTION VII Respiratory Physiol
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640 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology T
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642 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology m
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644 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology F
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646 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology N
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648 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology F
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650 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology G
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Page 680 and 681: 668 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology p
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Page 700 and 701: 688 Answers to Multiple Choice Ques
Page 702 and 703: 690 INDEX Angiotensin III, 671 Angi
Page 704 and 705: 692 INDEX Cannabinoids, 145, 179 Ca
Page 706 and 707: 694 INDEX Climbing fibers, 255 Clin
Page 708 and 709: 696 INDEX Endocrine functions of pa
Page 710 and 711: 698 INDEX Flaccid paralysis, 244 Fl
Page 712 and 713: 700 INDEX Hearing (continued) affer
Page 716 and 717: 704 INDEX Monoamines (continued) hi
Page 718 and 719: 706 INDEX Pacemaker (continued) imp
Page 720 and 721: 708 INDEX Proprioceptors, 632-633 P
Page 722 and 723: 710 INDEX Respiratory compensation,
Page 724 and 725: 712 INDEX Supratentorial lesions, 2
Page 726 and 727: 714 INDEX Vestibular system, 213-21
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Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition

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