Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition

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690 INDEX Angiotensin III, 671 Angiotensinogen, 670 Angiotensins, 672 Anion exchanger 1, 612 Anomic aphasia, 297, 298 Anosmia, 222, 282 Anovulatory cycles, 413–414, 422 Anoxia, 616 ANP. See Atrial natriuretic peptide Anterior olfactory nucleus, 221 Anterior pituitary hormones, 279–280 Anterior pituitary secretion, 279–282 anterior pituitary hormones, 279–280 clinical implications, 282 hypophysiotropic hormones, 280–282 hypothalamic control, 280 significance, 282 Antiarrhythmic drugs, 501 Anticlotting mechanisms, 533–535 Anticoagulants, 535 Antidiuretic hormone, 279, 666 Antidromic conduction, 88 Antigen inheritance, 529 Antigen presentation, 71–72 Antigen-presenting cells, 71 Antigen recognition, 71 Antiports, 46 Antithrombin III, 533 Antral systole, 473 Antrum formation, 411 Anuria, 660 Aortic arch, 558 Aortic bodies, 562 Aortic depressor nerve, 559 AP-1. See Assembly protein 1 APCs. See Antigen-presenting cells Aphasias, 297 Apneusis, 627 Apoptosis, 34, 42–43 Aquaporin-1, 652–653 Aquaporins, 45, 652, 666 Aqueous humor, 182 Arachidonate, 28 Arachidonic acid, 28 Arachnoid trabeculae, 572 Arachnoid villi, 571 Arcuate fasciculus, 297 Area postrema, 475, 573, 666 Areflexia, 244 Arginine vasopressin, 277 Argyll Robertson pupil, 189 Aromatase, 404, 416, 427 Arousal response, 233 Arrestins, 132, 178 Arterial circulation, 543–548 Arterial plasma level, 645 Arterial pressure, 544 Arterial pulse, 510–512 Arteries, 536–537 Arteriolar circulation, 543–548 Arterioles, 536–537 Arterioluminal vessels, 578 Arteriosinusoidal vessel, 578 Arteriovenous anastomoses, 538 Atherosclerosis, 28 Asphyxia, 634 Aspiration pneumonia, 594 Assembly protein 1, 45 Associative learning, 290 AST. See Plasma aspartate aminotransferase Asterixis, 252 Astigmatism, 188 Astrocytes, 80, 135 Astrocytic proliferation, 90 Ataxia, 257 Athetosis, 252 ATP. See Adenosine triphosphate ATPase, 35 Atretic follicles, 412 Atrial arrhythmias, 499 Atrial fibrillation, 499 Atrial flutter, 498 Atrial natriuretic peptide, 674 Atrial pressure changes, 512 Atrial stretch receptors, 561 Atrial systole, 489, 508 Atrioventricular node, 489 Audiometry, 213 Audition, cortical areas, 212–213 Auditory agnosia, 155 Auditory cortex, 211 Auditory division, 206 Auditory nerve fibers, 211 Auditory ossicles, 203 Auditory responses of neurons in medulla oblongata, 211–212 Auditory tube, 203 Augmented limb leads, 494 Auras, 233 Auscultatory method, 545–547 Autocrine communication, 50 Autogenic inhibition, 162 Autoimmune diseases, 75 Autologous transfusion, 529 Autonomic function, 275–276 Autonomic junctions, chemical transmission, 265–266 acetylcholine, 265–266 norepinephrine, 265–266 transmission in sympathetic ganglia, 266 Autonomic nerves, effect of, 327–328 Autonomic nervous system, 261–272 acetylcholine, 265–266 autonomic outflow, 262–265 chemical transmission at autonomic junctions, 265–266 descending input to autonomic preganglionic neurons, 269 enteric nervous system, 269–271 features, 262–263 norepinephrine, 265–266 parasympathetic cholinergic discharge, 268–269 parasympathetic division, 265 responses of effector organs to autonomic nerve impulses, 266–269 sympathetic division, 263–265 sympathetic noradrenergic discharge, 268–269 transmission in sympathetic ganglia, 266 Autonomic outflow, 262–265 Autonomic preganglionic neurons, 269 descending input, 269 Autoreceptors, 130 Autoregulation, 563 renal blood flow, 644–645 Autosomes, 392 AV nodal block, 497 AV nodal delay, 492 AV node. See Atrioventricular node AVP. See Arginine vasopressin Axial muscles, control of, 242 Axis, 495 Axoaxonal synapses, 122 Axon, 80 Axonal conduction velocity, 88 Axonal sprouting, 90 Axonal transport, 82–83 Axon hillock, 80 Axon reflex, 581 Axonemal dynein, 37 Axoneme, 37 Axoplasmic flow, 82 B Babinski sign, 244 Ballism, 252 Barkin, 254 Baroreceptor nerve activity, 560 Baroreceptor resetting, 560 Baroreceptor stimulation, respiratory effects of, 633 Baroreceptors, 558–561 Barr body, 392 Barttin, 214 Basal body, 37 Basal ganglia, 250–254 anatomic considerations, 250–251 diseases of basal ganglia, 252–253 function, 251–252 Parkinson disease, 253–254 Basal lamina, 34 Basal metabolic rate, 462 Basal nuclei, 249 Basal stem cells, 219 Basement membrane, 34 Basic electrical rhythm, 470 Basilar arteries, 412 Basket cells, 255 Basophils, 63–64, 523 B cell exhaustion, 328 B cells, 72–73 long-term changes, 328 Becker muscular dystrophy, 98 Bell–Magendie law, 157 Bels, 209 Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 216 BER. See Basic electrical rhythm Bernoulli’s principle, 545 Beta-carotene, 191 Beta rhythm, 233–234 Bezold–Jarisch reflex, 632 Bicarbonate excretion, 679–687 Bifascicular block, 497 Bile, 438–440, 482–484 Bile acids, 438 Bile pigments, 438, 483 Biliary secretion, 436 Biliary system, 485–486 bile formation, 485 biliary secretion, 486 cholecystectomy, 486 gallbladder, 485–486 Bilirubin, 527 Bilirubin metabolism, excretion, 483 Biliverdin, 526 Binocular vision, 197–198 Biofeedback, 292 Biologic half-life, 666 Biologic oxidations, 8–10 Biosynthesis, 138–139, 277–278, 317–318 Biphasic action potentials, 88 Biphosphoglycerate, 611 Bipolar, 232 Bipolar cells, 182 Bipolar leads, 492 Bipolar limb leads, 494–495
Bipolar recording, 492 BK channels, 536 Bladder, 661–662 deafferentation, 662 denervation, 662 emptying, 661–662 filling, 661 reflex control, 662 spinal cord transection, 662 Blastocyst, 423 Blind spot, 182 Blindsight, 198 Blobs, 194 Blood, 521–554 ABO system, 527–528 active capillaries, 549 agglutinogens, 530 air embolism, 550 angiogenesis, 539 anticlotting mechanisms, 533–535 anticoagulants, 535 antigen inheritance, 529 arterial circulation, 543–548 arterial pressure, 544 arteries, 536–537 arteriolar circulation, 543–548 arterioles, 536–537 arteriovenous anastomoses, 538 auscultatory method, 545–547 average velocity, 541 blood flow measurement, 539 blood types, 527–530 bone marrow, 522 buffering, 615–616 capacitance vessels, 543 capillaries, 537–538 capillary circulation, 546–549 catabolism of hemoglobin, 526–527 circulation, 535–543 clotting mechanism, 531–533 critical closing pressure, 542 effects of heartbeat, 549 endothelium, 535 equilibration with interstitial fluid, 548 flow, 544, 548 gene activation, 540–541 gravity, effect of, 544 hemoglobin, 523 hemoglobin in fetus, 525–526 hemostasis, 531–535 hypoproteinemia, 531 inactive capillaries, 549 interstitial fluid volume, 550–552 ionic composition, 503–504 laminar flow, 540 law of Laplace, 542–543 lymph, 535 lymphatic circulation, 550 lymphatics, 538 measuring blood pressure, 544–545 measuring venous pressure, 550 muscle pump, 549–550 newborn, hemolytic disease, 530 normal arterial blood pressure, 546 plasma, 530–531 plasma proteins, 530–531 platelets, 523 Poiseuille–Hagen formula, 541–542 pressure, flow, 547 reactions of hemoglobin, 523–525 red blood cells, 523 resistance, 539, 542, 543 response to injury, 531 RH group, 530 role of spleen, 523 shear stress, 540–541 synthesis of hemoglobin, 526 thoracic pump, 549 transfusion reactions, 528–529 vascular smooth muscle, 536 veins, 538 velocity, 544 venous circulation, 549 venous pressure, flow, 549–550 venous pressure in head, 550 venules, 538 viscosity, 542 white blood cells, 522–523 Blood–brain barrier, 80, 572–574 circumventricular organs, 573–574 development of, 574 function of, 574 penetration of substances into brain, 572–573 Blood flow, 590–591, 599, 643–644 measurement, 539 Blood group antigens, 527 Blood plasma, 2 Blood pressure, 544–545 Blood–testis barrier, 402–403 Blood types, 527–530 ABO system, 527–528 agglutinogens, 530 antigen inheritance, 529 newborn, hemolytic disease, 530 RH group, 530 transfusion reactions, 528–529 Blood typing, 528 Blood vessels, 642–643 BMR. See Basal metabolic rate BNP. See Brain natriuretic peptide Body as organized solution, 2 Body mechanics, 106 Bohr effect, 611 Bohr’s equation, 600 Bomb calorimeter, 460 Bombesin, 448 Bone conduction, 210 Bone disease, 373–374 Bone growth, 371 Bone marrow, 522 Bony labyrinth, 205 Borborygmi, 473 Botulinum toxin, 119 Boutons, 80 Bowman’s capsule, 640 BPG. See Biphosphoglycerate BPN1, 140 Bradycardia, 497 Bradykinesia, 252 Bradykinin, 566 Brain, electrical activity, 229–240 Brain metabolism, 576–577 ammonia removal, 577 energy sources, 577 glutamate, 577 oxygen consumption, 576–577 uptake, release of substances by brain, 576 Brain–computer interface devices, 250 Brain natriuretic peptide, 674 Brain stem pathways, posture, voluntary movement, 246–247 Breaking point, for breathing, 631 Breasts cyclic changes in, 414 INDEX 691 development of, 426 Breathing, 598–599 acid–base balance, ventilatory responses, 629 aortic bodies, 628–629 breath holding, 631 carotid bodies, 628–629 chemical control of, 627–631 chemoreceptors in brain stem, 629 CO 2, ventilatory responses, 630 control systems, 625–626 effect of H + on CO 2 response, 631 effects of hypoxia on CO 2 response curve, 631 medullary systems, 626 neural control of, 625–627 oxygen lack, ventilatory response, 630–631 pontine influences, 627 vagal influences, 627 Brinogenemia, 531 Broca’s area, 297 Brodmann’s area, 174, 243 Bronchi, 590 Bronchial circulation, 590 Bronchial tone, 594 Brown fat, 24, 283 Bruits, 512 Brush border, 640 B-type natriuretic peptide, 674 Buffer, 4 Buffering, 4, 615–616 Buffering capacity, 4 Bulk flow, 571 Bundle of His, 489 Bundle of Kent, 501 Bursal equivalents, 70 Bystander effects, 75 C C1 channels, 651 C-type natriuretic peptide, 675 C wave, 512, 549 Ca 2+ -activated K + channels, 536 Ca 2+ sparks, 53, 491 Cadherins, 38 CAE. See childhood absence epilepsy Calbindin, 52 Calbindin-D, 365 Calcitonin, 363, 370–371 actions, 370 origin, 370 secretion, 370 structure, 370 Calcitonin gene-related peptide, 145, 370 Calcium, 364–365, 458 Calcium-binding proteins, 52–53 Calcium metabolism, 364–365 effects of hormones, 371 Calcium rigor, 504 Calcium stones, 250 Calmodulin, 52 Calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase, 110 Caloric intake, distribution, 463–464 Calorie, 460 Calorigenesis, 310–312 Calorigenic action, 308, 310 Calorimetry, 460–461 Calpain, 412 cAMP, 56 cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, 56 CAMs. See Cell adhesion molecules Canal of Schlemm, 182
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Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hil
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iv Key Features of the 23rd Edition
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About the Authors KIM E. BARRETT Ki
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viii CONTENTS 27. Digestion, Absorp
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2 SECTION I Cellular & Molecular Ba
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10 SECTION I Cellular & Molecular B
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80 SECTION II Physiology of Nerve &
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100 SECTION II Physiology of Nerve
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168 SECTION III Central & Periphera
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302 SECTION IV Endocrine & Reproduc
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430 SECTION V Gastrointestinal Phys
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490 SECTION VI Cardiovascular Physi
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588 SECTION VII Respiratory Physiol
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Page 652 and 653: 640 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology T
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Page 700 and 701: 688 Answers to Multiple Choice Ques
Page 704 and 705: 692 INDEX Cannabinoids, 145, 179 Ca
Page 706 and 707: 694 INDEX Climbing fibers, 255 Clin
Page 708 and 709: 696 INDEX Endocrine functions of pa
Page 710 and 711: 698 INDEX Flaccid paralysis, 244 Fl
Page 712 and 713: 700 INDEX Hearing (continued) affer
Page 714 and 715: 702 INDEX Intrinsic system, 532 Int
Page 716 and 717: 704 INDEX Monoamines (continued) hi
Page 718 and 719: 706 INDEX Pacemaker (continued) imp
Page 720 and 721: 708 INDEX Proprioceptors, 632-633 P
Page 722 and 723: 710 INDEX Respiratory compensation,
Page 724 and 725: 712 INDEX Supratentorial lesions, 2
Page 726 and 727: 714 INDEX Vestibular system, 213-21
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Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition

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