Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition

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694 INDEX Climbing fibers, 255 Clinical uses of EEG, 232–233 Clonal selection, 71 Clonic phase, 233 Clonus, 163 Closing volume, 600 Clotting mechanism, 531–533 Clozapine, 140 CMR 1. See Cold- and menthol-sensitive receptor 1 CNG. See Cyclic nucleotidegated CNP. See C-type natriuretic peptide CNTF. See Ciliary neurotrophic factor CO 2 narcosis, 630 CoA. See Coenzyme A Coats, 45 Cochlea, 205 Cochlear division. See Auditory division Coding, sensory, 152–153 duration, 153 intensity, 153 location, 152–153 modality, 152 Codons, 17 Coenzyme A, 8 Cogwheel rigidity, 253 COHb. See Carboxyhemoglobin Cold- and menthol-sensitive receptor 1, 168 Cold receptors, 168 Colipase, 457 Collapsing pulse, 512 Collateral ganglia. See Prevertebral ganglia Collecting ducts, 641 Colloid, 302 Colon, 475–478 defecation, 476–478 motility of colon, 475–476 short-chain fatty acids in, 458 small intestine, 476 transit time, 476 Colony-stimulating factors, 65 Color agnosia, 155 Color blindness, 196 Color vision, 195–197 characteristics of color, 195–196 neural mechanisms, 197 retinal mechanisms, 196–197 Coma, 324 Comedones, 418 Common metabolic pool, 18 Communicating hydrocephalus, 571 Compensatory pause, 500 Complement system, 69 Complementary color, 195 Complete androgen resistance syndrome, 398 Complete heart block, 497 Complete tetanus, 101 Complex cells, 194 Compliance of lungs, chest wall, 595–596 COMT. See Catechol-O-methyltransferase Concentration gradient, 5, 7 Concentration of solutes, units for measuring, 2 equivalents, 2 moles, 2 Concordance rate, 334 Conditionally essential, 15 Conditioned reflex, 292 Conditioned stimulus, 292 Conduction, 284 Conduction aphasia, 297 Conductive deafness, 213 Cone pigments, 192 Cones, 182 Confabulation, 293 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 346 Congenital lipodystrophy, 334 Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, 346 Conn syndrome, 359 Connecting peptides, 318 Consensual light reflex, 189 Constitutive pathway, 43 Contraception, 422 Contractile responses, 96–102, 107–108 fiber types, 102 molecular basis of contraction, 97–100 muscle twitch, 97 relation between muscle length, tension, 102 summation of contractions, 101–102 types of contraction, 100–101 Contraction molecular basis, 97–100, 110–111 tetanic (See Tetanus) Contrecoup injury, 572 Control of ovarian function, 420–422 contraception, 422 control of cycle, 421 feedback effects, 421 hypothalamic components, 420–421 reflex ovulation, 421–422 Convection, 284 Convergence movements, 199 Convergence-projection theory, 170 Convulsive, 233 Cornea, 181 Coronary chemoreflex, 632 Coronary circulation, 577–580 anatomic considerations, 577–578 chemical factors, 579–580 neural factors, 580 pressure gradients, 578–579 variations in coronary flow, 579 Coronary flow, variations in, 579 Corpus albicans, 412 Corpus hemorrhagicum, 412 Corpus luteum, 412 Corpus luteum of pregnancy, 424 Correlation between muscle fiber length, tension, 109 Corresponding points, 198 Corrigan pulse, 512 Cortex, 193–195, 394 cortical areas concerned with vision, 195 pathways to cortex, 193–194 primary visual cortex, 194–195 Cortical bone, 371 Cortical dipoles, 232 Cortical nephrons, 640 Cortical organization, 230–231 Cortical plasticity, 176 Corticobulbar tract, 242–243 Corticospinal tract, 242–243 Corticosteroid-binding globulin, 346 Corticosterone, 338, 343 Corticostriate pathway, 250 Corticotropin, 279 Corticotropin-releasing hormone, 280 Cortisol, 343 Cotransporter, 453 Coughing, 632 Countercurrent exchange, 285 Countercurrent exchangers, 654 Countercurrent multipliers, 654 Coupling, reaction, 304 Coupling ratio, 47 COX1, 28 COX2, 28 Craniosacral division, 265 CREB. See cAMP-responsive element-binding protein Cretins, 387 CRH. See Corticotropin-releasing hormone CRH-binding protein, 282 Crista ampullaris, 206 Cristae, 34 Critical fusion frequency, 197 Critical micelle concentration, 440 Critical velocity, 540, 545 Crossed extensor response, 164 Cryptorchidism, 410 Crystalline lens, 181 CSFs. See Colony-stimulating factors Cuneate nuclei, 173 Cupula, 206 Cushing disease, 351 Cushing reflex, 562 Cushing syndrome, 350–351, 359 Cutaneous circulation, 580–581 reactive hyperemia, 581 triple response, 580–581 white reaction, 580 Cutaneous receptors, generation of impulses in, 151–152 generator potentials, 151 Pacinian corpuscles, 151 source of generator potential, 151–152 CV. See Closing volume Cyanmethemoglobin, 621 Cyanotic congenital heart disease, 620 Cyclic AMP, 56, 327 Cyclic guanosine monophosphate, 57, 112 Cyclic nucleotidegated, 223 Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus, 342 Cyclosporine, 75 CYP17, 345 CYP19. See Aromatase CYP11A1, 344 CYP11B1, 345 CYP11B2, 345 CYP21A2, 345 Cystinuria, 456 Cystometrogram, 661 Cystometry, 661 Cytokines, 67–69 Cytopempsis, 49 Cytoplasmic dyneins, 37 Cytoskeleton, 35–36 Cytotoxic T cells, 70 Cytotrophoblast, 423 D DAG. See Diacylglycerol Dark adaptation, 197 Dead space, 599–600 Deafness, 213 nonsyndromic, 214 syndromic, 214 Decerebellate rigidity, 247 Decerebrate rigidity, 247 Decerebration, 247 Decibel scale, 209 Declarative memory, 290 Decomposition of movement, 258 Decorticate rigidity, 247 Decortication, 247 Decubitus ulcers, 250
Decreased peripheral utilization, 322 Deep cerebellar nuclei, 254 Deep pain, 169 Deep tendon reflex, 159 Defecation, 476–478 Defensins, 64 Degenerins, 150 Degranulation, 64 Dehydration, 669 Dehydroepiandrosterone, 343 Delivery, initiation of lactation after, 427 Delta rhythm, 234 Dementia, 294–295 Dendrites, 80 function of, 121 Dendritic cells, 71 Dendritic spines, 80 Denervation effects of, 104 hypersensitivity, 126–127 Denervation hypersensitivity, 126 Dense bodies, 109 Dent disease, 651 Dentate nuclei, 254 Deoxycorticosterone, 343 Depth perception, 188 Dermatomal rule, 170 Desensitization, 50, 130, 153 Desmosome, 38 Desynchronization, 233 Detoxification, 481–482 Detrusor muscle, 661 Development of immune system, 70–71 Dextrins, 452 DHEA. See Dehydroepiandrosterone DHPR. See Dihydropyridine receptors DHT. See Dihydrotestosterone Diabetes, 334 fat metabolism in, 323–324 types of, 334 Diabetes insipidus, 668 Diabetes mellitus, 315, 333–334, 656 Diabetic nephropathy, 333 Diabetic neuropathy, 333 Diabetic retinopathy, 333 Diacylglycerol, 54–56 Diamine oxidase, 138 Diapedesis, 64 Diaphragm, 594 Diastole, 489 Diastolic pressure, 507, 544 Dichromats, 196 Dicrotic notch, 512 Dicumarol, 535 Diffuse secondary response, 232 Diffusing capacity, 601 Diffusion, 4–5 Digestion, 451–453 Digestive enzymes, 451 Dihydropyridine receptors, 100 Dihydrotestosterone, 408 Dihydroxycholecalciferol, 363, 365 Dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine, 137 Diopters, 186 Dioxins, 418 Diplopia, 198 Dipole moment, 2 Direct calorimetry, 460 Direct Fick method, 513 Direct inhibition, 121 Direct oxidative pathway, 20 Discharge zone, 123 Discriminative, 176 Disordered renal function, 659–660 abnormal Na + metabolism, 660 acidosis, 660 loss of concentrating ability, 660 uremia, 660 Distal convoluted tubule, 641 Distal muscles, control of, 242 Diuretics, 659 Diurnal rhythm, 352 DMT. See N,N-dimethyltryptamine DMT1, 459 DNA, 40 DOM. See Dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine Dominant follicle, 412 Dominant hemisphere, 295 Donnan effect, 6–7 Dopa decarboxylase, 138 Dopamine, 139–140, 337 effects of, 342 Dopamine β-hydroxylase, 138 Dopamine receptors, 140 Doppler flow meters, 539 Dorsal column pathway, 173–175 somatotopic organization, 173–175 Dorsal columns, 155 Dorsal column system, 153, 173 Dorsal horn, 173 Down-regulation, 50 D 3 receptors, 179 Dromotropic effect, 556 Drosophila, 70 Drowning, 634 DTR. See Deep tendon reflex Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 98 Ductus arteriosus, 583 Ductus venosus, 583 Dynamic response, 158 Dynamin, 44 Dynein, 37 Dysarthria, 252 Dysdiadochokinesia, 258 Dysgeusia, 226 Dyskinesias, 254 Dyslexia, 295 Dysmenorrhea, 423 Dysmetria, 258 Dysosmia, 222 Dystrophin, 96 Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, 96 E Ear external, 203–205 inner, 205 middle, 203–205 Ear dust, 206 Early diastole, 509 Early endosome, 44 Ebner gland, 226 ECF. See Extracellular fluid ECG. See Electrocardiogram Echocardiography, 513 ECL cells. See Enterochromaffin-like cells ECoG. See Electrocorticogram Ecstasy, 137 Ectopic focus, 498 Edema, 551 Edinger–Westphal nucleus, 189 EDRF. See Endothelium-derived relaxing factor EEG. See Electroencephalogram Effective perfusion pressure, 539 INDEX 695 Effective renal plasma flow, 643 Efferent arteriole, 640, 642 Eicosanoids, 28–29 Einthoven’s triangle, 492 Ejaculation, 406 Ejaculatory ducts, 402 Ejection fraction, 508 EJPs. See Excitatory junction potentials Electrical activity, 110 brain, 229–240 heart, 489–506 Electrical characteristics, skeletal muscle, 96 Electrical gradient, 7, 46 Electrical phenomena, 96 electrical characteristics, skeletal muscle, 96 ion distribution, 96 Electrical properties, 106–107 action potentials, 106 resting membrane, 106 Electrical responses, 190, 207 Electrical synapse, 115 Electrical transmission, 121 Electrocardiogram, 492–497 bipolar leads, 492 bipolar limb leads, 494–495 cardiac vector, 494–495 His bundle electrogram, 496 monitoring, 496–497 normal, 494 unipolar leads, 492–494 vectorcardiography, 495–496 Electrocardiography, 502–504 ionic composition of blood, 503–504 myocardial infarction, 502–503 Electrocorticogram, 232 Electroencephalogram, 232 clinical uses of, 232–233 cortical dipoles, 232 physiologic basis, 232–233 Electrogenesis of action potential, 87 Electrogenic pump, 47 Electrolyte metabolism, 382 Electrolyte transport, 440–442 Electrolytes, 2–3 Electromyogram, 105 Electromyography, 105 Electrotonic potentials, 83, 86–87 Embden–Meyerhof pathway, 20 Emboliform nuclei, 254 Embryology of reproductive system, 394–396 development of brain, 396 development of gonads, 394 embryology of genitalia, 394–396 Embryonic stem cells, 250 EMG. See Electromyogram Emission, 406 Emmetropic, 188 Enchondral bone formation, 371 End-diastolic ventricular volume, 508 End-diastolic volume, factors affecting, 515 End plate potential, 124 End pressure, 544 End-systolic ventricular volume, 508 Endocrine, 442 Endocrine communication, 50 Endocrine functions of lungs, 605–606 Endocrine functions of pancreas, 315–336 acidosis, 324 adrenal glucocorticoids, 332 automatic nerves, 327–328 biosynthesis, 317–318 carbohydrate metabolism, 331–332
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Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hil
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iv Key Features of the 23rd Edition
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About the Authors KIM E. BARRETT Ki
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viii CONTENTS 27. Digestion, Absorp
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2 SECTION I Cellular & Molecular Ba
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10 SECTION I Cellular & Molecular B
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80 SECTION II Physiology of Nerve &
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100 SECTION II Physiology of Nerve
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168 SECTION III Central & Periphera
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302 SECTION IV Endocrine & Reproduc
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430 SECTION V Gastrointestinal Phys
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490 SECTION VI Cardiovascular Physi
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588 SECTION VII Respiratory Physiol
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640 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology T
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642 SECTION VIII Renal Physiology m
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Page 700 and 701: 688 Answers to Multiple Choice Ques
Page 702 and 703: 690 INDEX Angiotensin III, 671 Angi
Page 704 and 705: 692 INDEX Cannabinoids, 145, 179 Ca
Page 708 and 709: 696 INDEX Endocrine functions of pa
Page 710 and 711: 698 INDEX Flaccid paralysis, 244 Fl
Page 712 and 713: 700 INDEX Hearing (continued) affer
Page 714 and 715: 702 INDEX Intrinsic system, 532 Int
Page 716 and 717: 704 INDEX Monoamines (continued) hi
Page 718 and 719: 706 INDEX Pacemaker (continued) imp
Page 720 and 721: 708 INDEX Proprioceptors, 632-633 P
Page 722 and 723: 710 INDEX Respiratory compensation,
Page 724 and 725: 712 INDEX Supratentorial lesions, 2
Page 726 and 727: 714 INDEX Vestibular system, 213-21
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Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Edition

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