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Appendix 1 How to reference your work It is standard academic practice to acknowledge the source of the ideas and information that you have used in writing your assignment. While it is expected that you will use the ideas, data and writings of others to support your own work, it is important that you acknowledge that they come from somewhere else, and the reference is designed to provide an accurate, detailed and stylized guide that should enable someone else to find the source. A citation and reference are required when you: • quote another person word for word, regardless of whether it is a phrase, sentence or paragraph • paraphrase, summarize, or refer to ideas or data from someone else • incorporate tables, figures or diagrams from another source. You should distinguish between a citation and a reference as follows. • Citations are used to refer to the source of a particular idea or piece of information in the text of your essay, and simply consist of the name of the author and the year of publication. If it is a verbatim quotation you should also give the page number. • References to all the authors mentioned in the text are then collected alphabetically at the end, giving full bibliographic details including title, author source, edition, page numbers, place of publication and publisher, according to a particular format prescribed by the reference system being used. Only references cited in the text should appear in the reference list. There are several referencing systems in common use, such as Harvard, the American Psychological Association (APA), Oxford, and the Museums and Libraries Association (MLA). Historically, and in arts subjects, it is common to have references as a footnote at the bottom of the relevant page, but now, particularly in science, the convention is to group them at the end, as described above. The system in most common use for psychology is the APA, as laid out in its Publications Manual (APA, 2001), which is used by the BPS as well. So we have used it in this book to familiarize you with it. However, you should find out what
178 STUDY SKILLS FOR PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS is standard in your psychology department at the beginning and use it right from the start, always making your own notes of references in the correct format. This will: • stop you from getting confused • save you a great deal of hassle when you are under pressure to hand in an assignment on time. So here are some examples. Note particularly the hanging indent (i.e. after the first line, everything is inset by about 1 cm – in Word, use Format → Paragraph → Special to do this), and all the full stops and commas. Referencing journal articles In the text Just give surnames and year of publication: Latto and Latto (2008) reported that ... or It has been reported (Latto & Latto, 2008) ... Note the use of the ‘&’ in the bracketed citation, but not in the text. In the reference section Include the following (so you need to record all these when you are making notes on an article): author’s last name, initials, year of publication in parentheses, title of article, title of journal in italics, volume, issue number and page numbers of the article. For example: Latto, R., & Campion, J. (1986). Approaches to consciousness: psychophysics or philosophy? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9(1), 36–37. Note that the APA convention is not to include the issue number, (1) in this case. This is annoying because it can be helpful in finding a reference and we usually try to include it if we know it as we have done both here and in the reference
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Study Skills for Psychology Student
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For Georgina Brennan, Julia Henders
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viii CONTENTS 4.5 Preparing and pre
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xiv SERIES EDITOR’S PREFACE This
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Page 179 and 180: 164 SUCCESSFUL STUDYING Assessing t
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Page 189 and 190: 174 SUCCESSFUL STUDYING 6.6 Working
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Page 199 and 200: Appendix 2 Answers to exercises Exe
Page 201 and 202: Appendix 3 Acronyms and abbreviatio
Page 203 and 204: Appendix 4 Glossary (See also Appen
Page 229 and 230: References Aserinsky, E., & Kleitma
Page 233 and 234: 218 INDEX Blindsight, 189 Body mass
Page 235 and 236: 220 INDEX GBR see Graduate basis fo
Page 237 and 238: 222 INDEX Phenomenology, 196 Piaget
Page 239 and 240: 224 INDEX t-test, 209 Turnitin, 84-
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