WUPATKI PUEBLO: A STUDY IN CULTURAL FUSION AND ...

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area are also to "be expected. The stone is soft and red, and
resembles the pipestone or catlinite used in the middle west.
The Del Rio mine was worked from about 900-1400, probably by
the people of the Tuzigoot area, and Wupatki was the most
northern site which received its material (Bartlett 1939s 78).
The turquoise may have come from the Los Cerillos mines,
south of Santa Fe, or perhaps from deposits near Kingman,
Arizona# More distant possible mines are in the Mohave
Desert or near La Jara, Colorado, the Hachita Mountains of
New Mexico, or the Dragoons of southern Arizona. The Hop!
traded with several areas, and clearly with the Mojave Desert
by 1400 (Woodbury 195^ = 151-52). Lignite comes from beds
near the Hopi mesas, among other areas, and red shale,
travertine, basalt, tuff, and sandstone come from the local
Wupatki area. However, the kayenlte comes only from Mojave
County, Arizona, and is a rare trade item. This may suggest
trade routes running west from the Sinagua area, perhaps
mainly shell trade routes, and might indicate that the Mojave
Desert turquoise mines were known to the Sinagua.
Stone Pipes
Ceremonial Artifacts
Two vesicular basalt, tubular, stone pipes were found,
of the so called cloud-blower type. One is a brown, fine­
grained basalt tube 2.5 cm. in diameter and 3.8 cm. long,