WUPATKI PUEBLO: A STUDY IN CULTURAL FUSION AND ...

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southwestern United States. This bell trade activity proba­
bly passed along the western Sierra Madre and thus into the
Hohokam cultural area of southern Arizona (Pendergast 1962:
535-55*0 • One possible route to Wupatki from here passed
along the Santa Cruz River to the Gila Salt Basin, up the
Verde River, and then up Oak Creek Canyon onto the Mogolion
Rim and into the Flagstaff area (Haury and Gifford 1959:
*4-55 Colton 1961s 85-91).
Modern Hopi, Zuni, and Rio Grande Pueblo Indian
dancers use larger varieties of such sleighbells in their
modern ceremonies and races, often tied around their anklets,
wrists, or parts of their costumes and ceremonial staffs.
This may be an indication of the earlier ceremonial signifi­
cance of prehistoric bells, but then again, several pre­
historic sites have yielded burials with wristlets or
anklets of copper bells, as well as the possible ceremonial
examples which have come from klvas.
In the Sinagua region» bells have been published
from only one site, Hohokam influenced Winona Ruin, where a
fragment was found in a context of the Sinagua Padre Phase,
which dates at 1070-1120 (Mc.Gregor 19^1: 262). However,
at the unpublished Copper Bell Ruin (N.A. 998), located
near Doney Crater at the west edge of fefupatki National
Monument, five identical bells were found strung between a
shell bead collection, forming the bracelet on the wrist