WUPATKI PUEBLO: A STUDY IN CULTURAL FUSION AND ...

included are "battenst several type of whorls, a tenter, a
40?
wooden awl, a perforated shuttle or finishing needle, possible
shed rods, possible loom barsa and possible battens or loom
bars for backstrap looms. In general, these weaving imple­
ments seem to correlate most closely with reported Pueblo III
or later Anasazi examples, and also with modern Hopi imple­
ments, In this connection, it is important to recall the
amount and quality of textile material known from Wupatki
Ruin (Kent 1957), as well as the raw cotton and cotton plant
fragments found at the Ruin, Weaving vjas clearly an impor­
tant activity at Wupatki, and they obviously raised their
own cotton.
On the other hand, the digging sticks are clearly
Bohokam in origin, and seem to have replaced the Anasazi
type of digging stick in the Sinagua area after 10?0, no
doubt because of the influx of'Hohokam peoples after the
eruption of Sunset Crater. This digging tool was, in turn,
passed on by the Sinagua to the Hopi. The wooden ball,
fire-hearths, and the solid wood arrow may also be southern
traits, and elaborate weaving is a Hohokam characteristic.
33ie bunt points, ladles, and some pahos and fire-
hearths were probably Mogollon traits, and the ceremonial
cigarettes are clearly a Mogollon trait, introduced to the
Sinagua at an earlier date than to the Anasazi.