SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL-SCALE GOLD ... - WWF

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Another key factor is the relationship between the various mining zones and the customary settlement areas. The greenstone belt, and the mining regions and zones associated with this formation, cross-cuts the customary residence areas of the Maroons (“escaped slave communities”) and indigenous settlement areas. Approximately 50 or more Maroon and indigenous villages are located in or very near this zone. Relations between miners from Paramaribo and the inhabitants of the settled areas vary from region to region. Some mining areas have been developed by villagers; other areas were developed by persons from Paramaribo and migrant miners, but employ persons from nearly communities. The provisions of the Accord for National Reconciliation and Development of 1992, that brought an end to the interior conflict, stipulate that an economic zone would be demarcated around or near customary settlement areas, and that community members could get SSGM permits in these zones. Article 36.3 of the current mining code stipulates that SSM will only take place in zones set aside by the Minister of Natural Resources for that purpose. These are provisions that call attention to the need for zoning not only as a regulatory mechanism, but also as an instrument of conflict avoidance. The issue is further complicated by the influx of migrant miners from Brazil. Prior to the interior war a considerable number of Guyanese miners were active in the Marowijne river region. During the interior war, the Rebel Leader promoted the recruitment of Brazilian miners in the Marowijne river basin, and after the interior war their numbers increased dramatically throughout the interior. The role and position of migrant miners has to be addressed in the new mining policy and legislation. Opportunities for legalization of status and attainment of mining rights should also be developed in the new legislation. In order to stimulate compliance, the procedures should be effective and efficient. 7. 5 A provisional model for zoning The various gold mining regions in Suriname are usually depicted as large continuous blocks of mining activity. Using this classification system, researchers typically distinguish six to ten mining regions. The borders of these regions tend to be drawn rather arbitrarily. Insufficient consideration is given to the natural features and boundaries of the landscape, accessibility and transport networks, or organizational systems that are in place in the various mining areas. Instead, we suggest that a zoning system be developed that incorporates at least the following three criteria. The system must: 1) Reflect the natural pattern of alluvial mining which follows river beds in watersheds and other natural features of the landscape; 2) Acknowledge existing legally described areas, formal, informal and customary rules of organization, and 3) Be helpful to policy makers, assistance providers, monitoring and regulatory agencies. 100
Hierarchical zoning of SSGM The proposed zoning system is organized hierarchically. It consists of 14 provisional mining regions that are divided in 51 mining zones. These zones are re-partitioned in approximately 800-1200 active mine sites, which are occupied by at least one mining unit. Based on field work and with the assistance of the ADEKUS mapping department NARENA, we came to the following provisional classification of Mining Zones by Region: 1. Commewijne River Region 1.1 Lower-Tempatie basin 1.2 Upper-Commewijne river basin 1.3 Mapane Zone* 2. North-East Lake Region* 2.1 Casipora 2.2 Njun Lombe 2.3 Boslanti Zone 2.4 Winti Wai 2.5 Boven Tempatie 3. North-West Lake Region* 3.1 Upper Para Zone 3.2 Marechall Creek 3.3 Klaascreek 3.4 Compagnie Creek 3.5 Mindrineti Zone 3.6 Brownsberg Zone 4. West-Suriname Road Region 4.1 Kwakugron 4.2 Loksi Ati 14 Mining Regions 51 Mining Zones 600-1,200 Machine/dredge owners/active mine sites 101
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SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL-SCA
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4.6 Concession holders and miners 4
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACT Amazone C
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PREFACE The Suriname gold sector ha
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The World Wildlif
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Furthermore, the proposed Inter Dep
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The consultants ap
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Chapter I INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 ou
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government with their experience in
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Zoning of mining areas. The third i
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known. The risk of water- and air-b
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1.5 Root causes Why is it so diffic
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Box 1: The administrative presence
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NW-SE greenstone belt between the G
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of inappropriate equipment soon tra
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other goods imported from Paramarib
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their property to a foreign explora
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second informal system to the exist
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Hydraulic mining was outlawed in Ca
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Chapter III SOCIAL DIMENSIONS In th
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3.2 The second gold rush Until the
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3.3. Life in the mines Life in the
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In contrast to the Brazilian migran
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spouse, and jeopardizes their acces
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Chapter IV MINING CLASSIFICATION AN
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of its original rock structure and
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concentrate is panned with mercury.
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6. conjunction with another excavat
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4.3 The classification scheme of No
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capital invest in such an enterpris
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Most workers are paid a percentage
Page 63 and 64: least earn some income from mining
Page 65 and 66: Fixed costs Operator (150 gr. p. m.
Page 67 and 68: Finally, the concession holder who
Page 69 and 70: Table 7. Differences in organizatio
Page 71 and 72: government‟s policy to phase out
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Page 75 and 76: The rights of Indigenous, Maroon an
Page 77 and 78: institutions will be involved, both
Page 79 and 80: nature, mode of occurrence and quan
Page 81 and 82: into several categories, basically
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Page 85 and 86: over a period of five or more years
Page 87 and 88: To this day, however, little progre
Page 89 and 90: To issue licenses to small-scale mi
Page 91 and 92: NB is part of the Forestry Departme
Page 93 and 94: This development was anticipated by
Page 95 and 96: in the interior on a regular basis.
Page 97 and 98: community at the best of their abil
Page 99 and 100: Help guide law drafters and law mak
Page 101 and 102: and social laws. An intricate syste
Page 103 and 104: Table 11. Economic importance of pl
Page 105 and 106: and likely underestimates the real
Page 107 and 108: 7.1 Summary of the findings Chapter
Page 109 and 110: the legalization of the activity th
Page 111 and 112: Uncontrolled sub-sector No funds to
Page 113: development leading to a practical
Page 117 and 118: 13.2 Langatete Zone 13.3 Cottica Zo
Page 119 and 120: critical, as use of their infrastru
Page 121 and 122: evised proposal to reflect the outc
Page 123 and 124: 13 De Vletter, D.R., and A.L 1998 t
Page 125 and 126: 32 Maatschap van Geologen en Mijnbo
Page 127: 51 World Bank 1998 Environmental As
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