SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL-SCALE GOLD ... - WWF

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5.6 Government Institutions The Ministry of Natural Recourses (Ministerie van Natuurlijke Hulpbronnen; NH) is the government entity responsible for everything related to mining, whether it occurs legally or illegally. The SSGM sector falls within this responsibility. The Geology and Mining Department is part of this ministry, and administers ore extraction activities (with the exception of oil and bauxite).. The Geology and Mining Department (Geologische Mijnbouwkundige Dienst, GMD) is the working arm of the NH with regard to management and control of the mining sector. Its tasks include the preparation of concession applications and the inspection of mines and mining. Several dedicated individuals within GMD are working hard to improve administrative and technical facets in the SSM sector. but, the institution is unable to facilitate the sound management of the sector .. Even though the GMD is responsible for mine inspection, in practice it is very difficult for its officers rarely visit the field, particularly the more isolated mines. Field inspections are primarily hindered by a lack of facilities. The GMD has only two field stations, at Loksi Hati and at Afobakka, for the entire interior. Neither one of these stations is permanently occupied by field officers or fully equipped. With one pick-up truck and a bus, travel facilities are inadequate, as is the money to charter transportation services (plane, boat) from third parties. A 2003 <strong>WWF</strong> grant (US$300,000) to the GMD in support of SSM regulation should have resolved some of these hindrances. Orientation studies have been prepared and fact finding missions were undertaken. This grant, however, has not yet produced tangible results in the form of measurable technological, socio-economic, and behavioral changes in either the institution or the SSM sector. A second obstacle to regular and systematic mine inspections is the lack of stamina among GMD personnel to be stationed in the field. There are exceptions of GMD officers who do take every opportunity to familiarize themselves with the field situation. The proto-typical urban GMD employee, however, is not willing to leave the comfort of the city behind to live in a place without electricity or clean drinking water and a high chance of contracting malaria. Employing and training local people, possibly ex-miners, as GMD field officers could help overcome this hurdle. Sources within the GMD attest that efforts to sanction concession holders who do not comply with their mining or reporting obligations have been paralyzed by resistance from higher up. Yet it is clear that letting go of this type of preferential treatment is critical to the reform of the sub-sector and implementation of fair and equitable mining regulations. The Ministry of Physical Planning, Land and Forestry management (Ministerie van Ruimtelijke Ordening, Grondbeleid en Bosbeheer) The Nature Conservation Division (Natuur Beheer; NB) is responsible for the protected area system. NB employs game wardens that implement control in certain areas and on roads to and in the interior. Due to limited resources, remoteness and lack of easy access NB has not always been able to field sufficient wardens to monitor and control PA‟s. 76
NB is part of the Forestry Department of this ministry. The NB facilitated the creation of the Suriname Nature Conservation Foundation (Stichting Natuurbehoud Suriname; STINASU), in order to generate income through tourism to help sustain the PA‟s STINASU was established to function as a working arm of NB, but also to earn some income from tourism to help fund nature conservation work in Suriname. STINASU also facilitates research in PA‟s. Because of their presence they implement some control in these areas. The most popular protected area is Brownsberg, which can accommodate over 20.000 visitors per year. Raleigh Vallen in the Central Suriname Nature Reserve (Centraal Suriname Natuur Reservaat; CSNR) is also becoming a very important destination. PA‟s were/are established based on the following legislative products: 22 Police Penal Code of 1915 (amended in 1942): Estuary of the Coppename River; became Coppename Monding Nature Reserve in 1961, based on the Nature Preservation Law of 1954. Nature Preservation Law (Government Bulletin 1954, no. 26), amended in 1992: All present Nature Reserve. “Agricultural Act” of 1936 and degree L-2 of 15 June 1982: Brownsberg Nature Park was given on long-term lease to the Suriname Nature Conservation Foundation (STINASU) based on this act. Planning ACT (Government Bulletin 1973, no. 89): Bigi Pan Multiple-Use Management Areas was created based on this act. Forest Management Act (Government Bulletin 1992, no. 80): Provides the possibility for maintaining forests that could have special scientific, educational, cultural, or recreational value. With the establishment of the CSNR in 1998 (Government Gazette No. 65), merging three existing nature reserves into a single much larger protected area. About 12% of the surface area of the country has a protected status, and an additional 2% is proposed as new nature reserves or forest reserves. The PA‟s that have been established to date are: 1. Hertenrits Nature Reserve (100 ha, 1972) 2. Coppename Monding Nature Reserve (12,000 ha, 1953/1961) 3. Wia Wia Nature Reserve (36,000 ha, 1961) 4. Galibi Nature Reserve (4,000 ha, establ. 1969) 5. Peruvia Nature Reserve (31,000 ha, establ. 1986) 6. Boven Coesewijne Nature Reserve (127,000 ha, establ. 1986) 7. Copi Nature Reserve (18,000 ha, establ. 1986) 8. Wane Kreek Nature Reserve (45,000 ha, establ. 1986) 22 This overview is based on the Directory of PA‟s prepared by Paul Ouboter of IBER for CI-Suriname in 2002. 77
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SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL-SCA
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4.6 Concession holders and miners 4
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACT Amazone C
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PREFACE The Suriname gold sector ha
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The World Wildlif
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Furthermore, the proposed Inter Dep
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The consultants ap
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Chapter I INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 ou
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government with their experience in
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Zoning of mining areas. The third i
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known. The risk of water- and air-b
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1.5 Root causes Why is it so diffic
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Box 1: The administrative presence
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NW-SE greenstone belt between the G
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of inappropriate equipment soon tra
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other goods imported from Paramarib
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their property to a foreign explora
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second informal system to the exist
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Hydraulic mining was outlawed in Ca
Page 39 and 40: Chapter III SOCIAL DIMENSIONS In th
Page 41 and 42: 3.2 The second gold rush Until the
Page 43 and 44: 3.3. Life in the mines Life in the
Page 45 and 46: In contrast to the Brazilian migran
Page 47 and 48: spouse, and jeopardizes their acces
Page 49 and 50: Chapter IV MINING CLASSIFICATION AN
Page 51 and 52: of its original rock structure and
Page 53 and 54: concentrate is panned with mercury.
Page 55 and 56: 6. conjunction with another excavat
Page 57 and 58: 4.3 The classification scheme of No
Page 59 and 60: capital invest in such an enterpris
Page 61 and 62: Most workers are paid a percentage
Page 63 and 64: least earn some income from mining
Page 65 and 66: Fixed costs Operator (150 gr. p. m.
Page 67 and 68: Finally, the concession holder who
Page 69 and 70: Table 7. Differences in organizatio
Page 71 and 72: government‟s policy to phase out
Page 73 and 74: Institutional: It provides guidance
Page 75 and 76: The rights of Indigenous, Maroon an
Page 77 and 78: institutions will be involved, both
Page 79 and 80: nature, mode of occurrence and quan
Page 81 and 82: into several categories, basically
Page 83 and 84: classification of sub-sectors in th
Page 85 and 86: over a period of five or more years
Page 87 and 88: To this day, however, little progre
Page 89: To issue licenses to small-scale mi
Page 93 and 94: This development was anticipated by
Page 95 and 96: in the interior on a regular basis.
Page 97 and 98: community at the best of their abil
Page 99 and 100: Help guide law drafters and law mak
Page 101 and 102: and social laws. An intricate syste
Page 103 and 104: Table 11. Economic importance of pl
Page 105 and 106: and likely underestimates the real
Page 107 and 108: 7.1 Summary of the findings Chapter
Page 109 and 110: the legalization of the activity th
Page 111 and 112: Uncontrolled sub-sector No funds to
Page 113 and 114: development leading to a practical
Page 115 and 116: Hierarchical zoning of SSGM The pro
Page 117 and 118: 13.2 Langatete Zone 13.3 Cottica Zo
Page 119 and 120: critical, as use of their infrastru
Page 121 and 122: evised proposal to reflect the outc
Page 123 and 124: 13 De Vletter, D.R., and A.L 1998 t
Page 125 and 126: 32 Maatschap van Geologen en Mijnbo
Page 127: 51 World Bank 1998 Environmental As
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SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL-SCALE GOLD ... - WWF

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