Hh 122. Miclwd B. K;I(Z, Irony of Fmly Sc/Uh,/ Ulj,mn ( ' 'J Coming of the FirsJ World War (New YO ' . { h ()ri"ilts of World War I . · 'X I N Y k 1973). (r ;14 r i Laqueur and Masse, cJ!'>., 1914: The k 1970) p. 147. 15, Peter f. Sugar, "The Nature of the Non· ermaolC 0 Slavic Review, XI: I (March 1963), p. 2 9. . ' S cietics under Hapsburg Rule, 11 I u (London 1963), p. 448. 16 . Edward Crallkshaw, Thf. Fal l of the Hous ;817_ 10)(N W York, i968), p. 492. (0' f d 1978) p. 132: Marxist leader Max 18. Boltomore an 00 , " , " ( 1 19 5) w arned that "the clas." stan po l O '.h .. dutv and natural inclination to defend the 11 Arthur J. May, Tllf. Hapsburg Monarchy" dU de eds AU.I'tro-Marxum x or " Adler, in "The tdcol ? r.J' of the W . ar . proletariat docs not In any W(lY dlmlnlS IS , f(ltherland." 19 Zeman, op cit, P 146 20 Hans von Bulow, MemOirs of Pnnce vo 21 Edmund Taylor, 1hl'. I'all of [he. DyntJs1U'.s (Gard " 2 2 F:.dward Cranks aw, Il l'. 23 Edmund Wllson, 0 n Bulow Vol 3, (London, 1932), p 148 Cn " Cltv N Y 1963), p. 243 d " . t of the l (' Londo 1976) pp 452 451 h T'l Shadow o{ tile Winter a ace. , ' e ma G d ely NY 1953) P 453 T Th F i nd StatIOn ( ar en I , " 24 Arno Mayer, "Oomestlc Causes of the Flrs: W 9(i7 [;/ements of PaMcal Change (New York, 1 ), ( PLo' or 'd ld War " Drody and Wnght, c S, 207 ' don 1925) p. l69 D I (md Fore. lgrt Courtv n , ' 26. Leon Trotsky, The Rwman Re\iO utllm( ::\ 1 7 N rk 9 8), p 118:119. 25 Menel Buchanan, Ip omtlcy 27 Paul A\'nch, The. Russwn Anarc [Its , 28. Zeman, op. ciJ., p. 10. , (G d n City NY 1959) P 17. . ) 20 29. F.L. C3rsten, the Rise. of FaSCism (13erkcley, 1.971 , p . 30. Ibid., p. 45. 31 von BuloW, op. cil., p. 254 32: Zeman, op. cit., p. 10. 33. John M. Cammelt, AntoniO Gromsci an t e 1967), p. 36. , . d h Origins uf Italian Communism (Stanford, . ' d 34. Gramsci expressed thiS atttlU . h' first signet! publishcd article, in Odober 1914. e LD IS . jamES .loll, Antonio Gramsci (L.ondon, 1 , 4) 10 977) 42. 35. Giampero Carocci, l[alialt F scism (Lo don, I ? ; . . ItaiyPi920(LondOn, 1975), pp. 74, 76. 36. Paolo Spriano, The. Occupation of the actone.3. 37. Quoted by Spria no, Ibid., p. 77. 38. Carsten, op. cit., pp. 53·54. 39. A. Jmes Gregor, The Young Mu s so ml an . 1979). . " r ' d the intellectual Origins of Fascism (Berkeley, d D I mtal Dicttltorship (Princeton, 1979), p. 90. 40. Gregor, Ita/ran J'aSCLSm an . e:v/9914(New York 1971), p. 202 41. Oron Hale, 11u·. Greal Illuston, - , 42. Ibid. 43. Georges Sorci, ReflectIOns orZ w enc . Ie' I (New York 1941), p. 78. V J J (Middlescx 1963), p. 104. 44. Alfred Cobban, A History of Modem 'ranee., 0 . . , 45. von Bulow, OP. Cit : , p. 1 7 46. Prince Lichnowskl, lleadmg jor t f' yss 47. Cobban, op. ciL, p . \02. 48. David Thomson, Democracy In Fr . an . 49. Peter Stearns, Revolutionary Sy"dlca ISm an 50. Hatevy, op. cit., p. 14. 51. Ibid., p. 20. . r. I Ab ' (New York, 1928). p. 362. . . 1870 (Oxford, 1969), p. 174. e Smc French Labor (Rutr,ers, 1971), p. 69.
,(0)) ,. T,lylm, op. ("if., p. J..IK. ' 53. Henry I; " May 'IhI ' . F . Il( I U if /11I(,I"Wall I J"I/(J(:('llt'r (Nt'\\' YOlk , liJVi) . , p . . 114 - . . ; 5 4. Grnham Adams lr "' Th,. ' A g{ ()) .rj f1(I us!naI Vio{[,!lC/', jl)j() Nl'i(Ncw York J9(() · 5" j. IbI 'd 'J p. 219. 56. Christopher Lasch, Tltr. Ne.w Radicalism in Amnica ' 1889-1963(Ncw York, It)(l.'I ), pp. 202-203. 57. Jacques Ellul ' The - T, Poe hno ioglca ' IS OClcty · (New York ' 19(7) , pp . . 365 - -. 36' ) \J . _ ::,8. Zeman, or.cit., p. 162. ' " > • , • 222. . ' )), p. II 59. John Highm, Strangers in fhe Land (New York, 19(8) ,P , 60. Ha!e, up. elf., p. 163. 195. 61, Ibid" p, 153 62. Rc ,gcr Shattuck, The Banqun Ye an (New York, 19(7) ' p . 28 3. . 63. /bul., p. 279. 64. !"larr:r Golumbek, The. Game a/ Chess (london 19)4) p 65. ZweIg, op. (:il., p. 195. G6. R.W. Flint, ed. Marinerti (New York, 1972), P . 14. 67 Shauuck, op. cit., p. 353. 68 Discussed by Carolyn E . PI ayne, Th I" M!umses of Nations (London ' 1925) , p . 49 . . 69' , P auI R' lCotUr, Hwory and Truth (Evanston 1%5) p 213 . 70 ' DavId . . La n d es, 'rl 1 ,le lfnhound Prome!heus (Lon on " 1969) , p . 316 . . . d 71 Siegfried ("ar II ' Ion, M ec h amzullOn Takes Command (New Y rk " 1969) p. 41 . o 72· . Hilton ' Kramer ' "German Ex , pressloillsm, " " .san . Francisco T'.Xaminer-Chronicle7 October 12, 1980. 73. Berghahn, op . cit., p. 78. 74. Ibid., p. 81 , 75. Yon Bu[ow, op. dt., p. [03. 70, Ibid,. p, 102. 77. Playne, op. cit., p. 88. 78. James Gerard Mu F }'j . G , J our ears In ermallY (New York > t917) , p. 75 . G erar d saw [he popular reaction to the Zab ern mCI " d cnts as " perhaps the f' ma 1fae t or w h' Ie h decided the . advocates of Ihe old milita r) 's Y s(e m of Germany 10 favor of a European war" (p. 91) . 79. John T . Fl ynn, As W. . I" Go Marchmg (New York 1973) 81 SO. Arthur Ros nberg, impenal Ge.nnany (New YOk, 1970f p. e: 58. 8 1. Gordn Cnllg, Gf'-rmany, 1866-1945(New . York ' 1978) , p. 337 . . 82. D.!\. Smart ' Pannelwe.k . . an d G OTter s Mar:nsm (New York, 1977) . , p . 20 . 03 Ib'd o . I ., p. 21. . J 84. Austin Harrison, TJu Ka iser's War (London 1914) p 197 amcs Jail, The Second International (New York, 1956) pp. 166-167 · Robert Looker, ed ROl'a Luxembu . . . ' , 18· S eute l d Polmeal Writings (New York, 1972), p. 40. 87. Ibid., p. 197. " 88. Ibid., p. 222. , 89 · The 0 p. mkus, ed., Coner.sa!lolIs with Luk(ICS (Cambridge 1975) , p. 1 48. 90. Hannah Arendt, Totahrarianism (New York " 1968) p . 26' J. 91. Quoted by Arendt, Ibid. 92. Hannah Hafkesbrink ' Unknown G mnany: An inner Ch ronicle (New Haven, 1948), pp. 30-32. 93. Reginald Pound, The ost Gme.rarion (New York 1964) p 73 . L ' . 94. Joseph Bibby, The. War, Its Unseen Cause and S if" 95. eorge Dangerfield, Thp. Strange Dr.ath of Liber;(d , L s [:,::; L o n , 91 don k 1 5) . . or , 1961) p. Vlll. p 96. Eman uel Shmwcll, I've Lived Through II All (London ' 1973) ,p 12 97. R.C.K. Enor, England, 1870-1914 (Ox[ord, 1936), p. SS7. . . . 12 I·" , ·.MI ·NI:-' III· 1< 1+1 /\,\1 'JK, ILL I '\'.111'. /I,.' ! 'It'lm;(01 /l,!W (I Hudon, 19)0), p. 46. 1)'1. ('oliu ('IOSS , 'lJ1I· I.iI}('ral.\· in Power, 1905-1914 (London, 1(63), p. 171. lOll. James {:'1Itll.:ron, 1':)i4 (New York, 1959), p. 21. 101. Harold Nicolson, King Geo'1:e the Fifth (London, 1952), p . 163. 102. Arthur Marwick, The Deluge: British Socir.ty and lhe First WorM War (Roston, 19(6), p, 10, 103. William Archer, The Great Analysis (London, 1911), p. 19. 104, Zan S. Steiner, Britain and the On'gins of the. First World War (New York, 1977), p. 153. lOS. Elie Halev)', A History of the. £fl8li.h People, 1905-1915(London, 1934), p. 457. 106. Ibid., p. 436. 107. Ibid., pp. 446,45 1. 109. Elie Halevy, The Era of Tyrannie' (Garden City, N.Y., 1965), p. 106, 109. G. A. Phillips.. "The Triple Industrial Alliance in 1914," Economic History Rf':vit'w, XXIV J (1971), p, 63, 110. Camcron, op. cit., p. 46. 111. V.i. Pound, op. Cil., p. 28. 12. Quoted in Eric J. Leed's "Class and Disillusionment in World War I," Journal of 1 Modf.m iILI·tOry, so (December 1978), p. 691. Taylorism and Unionism 1. David Jenkins, lob Power: Blur. and White Collar Democracy (Baltimore, 1974), p. 9. 2. Department o[ Health, r:d ucation and Welfare, Work in America (Cambridge, Mass., 1973). p, 19, 3. Frederick W. Taylor, Principles of SCientific Ml1nagemt'fli (New York, 19l1), p. 32. 4. Siegfried Giedion. Mechanization Takes Command (New York, 1945), p. 38. C. Bertrand 'Thompson made the same point in 1917 when he pointed out the absence of compeli tive pressure behind firms employing scientific management, "for the reason that most of them now using it stand in a quasi-monopoly position in which there is no neces:>ity to reduce their prices .... "] See hi!; The. Theory and Prar::lice of SCientific Management (Bostoll, 1917), pp, 88-89, 5. Mary Follett of the Taylor Society, for example, claimed that with scientific management, "authority is derived from function" and thus "has little to do with hierarchy of position as such .... " {Sec Taylor Society, H.S. Person, Editor, Scie.ntific Manage.ment in Amoican Induslry (New York, 1929), p. 436] Typical pronouncements claimed that it embodied "a new kind of authority which stemmed [rom the unveiling of scientific law," lSee Samuel Haber, l:.Jflci(lU:Y and Up lifl (Chicago, 1964), p. 25] and that it substituted joint obedience o[ employers and workers "to fact and law for obedience to personal authority." [See Robcrt Franklin Hoxie, Scimlific Management and Labor (New York, 1915), p. 9.] The time-study man, measuring, and manipulating the worker wi th his stopwatCh, relies on "unimpeachable data." {Horace D Drury, Scimrific Manageme.nt (New York, 1915), p. 59.J 6. Taylor Socicty, op. cit, p. 46. 7. Taylor, Prineiplr.s, op. cit., p. 59. RL. GoOU, one of Taylor's leading disciples, spoke of implementing the task system as "the standard method of teaching and training, chi[dren." lSec his Wagl's tJ.nd Profits (New York, 1919), p. 122.} Since "the worker became an object in Taylor's hands," in Jacques Ellul's phrase, it follows easily that he would be seen as an animal or a child by the Tayloritcs, Another part of the justifica tion was Taylor's notion of the "economic man," that a worker's real motivation is money and nothing else. !See Sudhir Kakar, Frede.rick Taylor: A Study in P(>onality and lnnovation (Cambridge, Muss., J970) p. 99.J
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AGRICULTURE Agriculture, the indisp
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SII Many thcories havc been advance
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PART TWO
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INDI)STRIAIJSM ANI> i)(lMJSrJ('ATH
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INI)[ IS'II
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IllS dismayed hy the rash of strike
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';' AXIS POINT OF AMERICAN INDUSTRI
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11·1 AXIS , 'c lIN l" eJl- ;\r\II-
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THE PRACTICAL MARX Karl Marx is alw
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1'111 " IL\( 'II( ,\ 1 MAle, revolu
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1·111 '1'111. 111, :\1 ' 111 ',\1
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- .. ORIGINS AND MEANING OF WWI Wor
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- Page 147 and 148: Appendix: Excerpts from Adventures
- Page 149 and 150: NUCLEAR MADNESS ... VIOLENCE AGAINS
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