Credential Templates, The Former USSR and the Russian Federation

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Unified State Examination (USE) The Unified State Examination (Единьй государственный экзамен/ЕГЭ, Edinyj gosudarstvennyj ekzamen/EGE) has been implemented since 2001 as a standardised school graduation examination. Test takers receive the Certificate of USE Results (Свидетельство о результатах ЕГЭ, Svidetel'stvo o Rezul'tatach EGE). Higher education institutions may use the USE results in place of, or in addition to, their own entrance examinations. With a Certificate of USE Results and an applicable school leaving credential, students can apply simultaneously to several institutions all over the country. Additional Admission Considerations • Admission for fee-paying students may not be as competitive as for students financed from the state budget. • Institutions of higher education may reduce the number of examinations for certain categories of applicants. For example: • individuals who have been awarded a medal (at the completion of school education) or a diploma with honors/distinction (at the completion of vocational education) or some other awards, • graduates of specialized schools. • Foreign students must meet the same entrance requirements as Russian nationals, in particular, have completed school education and taken entrance exams. There is a compulsory pre-academic year for those who do not know Russian or/and for those with weak pre-university training. Foreign applicants may not be older than 28 (35 for doctoral studies). In addition, they must have a valid Student visa and financial guarantees. Diploma of Incomplete Higher Education The Diploma of Incomplete Higher Education is not considered a degree; it is only an intermediate qualification. It is issued at the student’s request or to students who cease study part-way through a Bachelor or "Specialist" program. It may be issued after at least two years in a Bachelor or "Specialist" program and later be used for reentry into a relevant program. After the first two years of studies students would have usually covered the compulsory fundamental courses in a given study area. The Diploma gives direct access to the labour market and facilitates mobility among education institutions and/or different specialisation programs. It often states that it gives the right to carry out the professional activity at the level it represents or to continue higher education. 64
Forms of Education There are different forms of education: full-time, part-time (evening and correspondence programs), and so-called externat (a form of education that enables individuals to study independently and to take examinations). The State Education Standard specifies acceptable forms of education for each specialisation. The minimum content requirements set by the State Education Standard do not depend on the form of education. Academic Year Entrance examinations are traditionally held in August. The academic year runs from September to June. It is divided into two academic semesters with examinations held at the end of each. Examinations may be oral or written and number about five per semester. In contrast to other countries, in the Russian Federation 100% of the course grade is determined by the final examination grade in that subject. Other courses may be evaluated as pass/fail. In order to qualify for the final examination, students must also complete professional practice requirements. The university level higher education curriculum stipulates 36 weeks of study a year. Depending on the field of study (specialisation), mandatory courses in the curriculum constitute 80 to 85 percent, optional courses 15 to 20 percent. The total workload of a student should not exceed 54 hours a week, including classroom work and independent studies. For part-time evening education, classwork should be no less than 10 hours a week. In the case of correspondence education, students are offered at least 160 contact hours a year. It is important to note that the system of higher education in the Russian Federation, as in the former USSR, emphasizes contact hours at the expense of homework and independent study. Therefore a direct conversion of instructional hours in the Russian Federation to semester hours (credits) in Western countries may be misleading. One of the current initiatives of the Russian Ministry of Education in conjunction with the Bologna process is the introduction of credits. The European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) uses a standard system of 30 hours corresponding to one ECTS credit. It is envisioned that one academic year will comprise of approximately 60 credits. Language of Instruction The principal language of higher education in the Russian Federation is Russian. Higher education may be conducted in other languages of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign languages. The language of education is set by the appropriate administrative body. Curriculum Standards As in the former USSR, higher education programs in the Russian Federation are divided into study areas (направления, napravleniya), which are further subdivided into specialisations 65
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Credential Templates, The Former US
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Program Description: In the USSR:
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The upper secondary curriculum was
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Family Studies 34 34 68 Economics 6
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Natural Sciences Mathematics Politi
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standardized exam. Each student tak
Page 13 and 14: (typically without entrance exams)
Page 15 and 16: The Diploma of Lower Vocational Edu
Page 17 and 18: PTUs did not offer complete seconda
Page 19 and 20: Uchilishche that are lower vocation
Page 21 and 22: In the former USSR and the Russian
Page 23 and 24: образовании, Attestat o
Page 25 and 26: Advanced Vocational Certificate of
Page 27 and 28: Types of Institutions Offering High
Page 29 and 30: time student is fifty-four hours a
Page 31 and 32: IQAS recommends that: In the former
Page 33 and 34: Is considered comparable to British
Page 35 and 36: Unified State Examination (USE) The
Page 37 and 38: content. Institutions may define 15
Page 39 and 40: secondary education (Diploma of Low
Page 41 and 42: zavedeniya) or just "Diploma" (Ди
Page 43 and 44: Each semester culminated in a final
Page 45 and 46: • Oral and written entrance exami
Page 47 and 48: areas such as business/management,
Page 49 and 50: Master's degree Country: Russian Fe
Page 51 and 52: The final State attestation include
Page 53 and 54: Candidate of Sciences Country: Form
Page 55 and 56: IQAS Rationale: Candidate of Scienc
Page 57 and 58: Scale Description 5 Excellent (От
Page 59 and 60: Placement Recommendations: NOOSR 20
Page 61 and 62: The doktorant submits the thesis to
Page 63: IQAS Recommendations for: Employmen
Page 67 and 68: Scale Description 5 Excellent (От
Page 69 and 70: образовании, Attestat ob
Page 71 and 72: Training for lower secondary school
Page 73 and 74: Higher Vocational Teacher Education
Page 75 and 76: Higher Vocational Teacher Education
Page 77 and 78: • Admission after incomplete seco
Page 79 and 80: In the Russian Federation: • Cert
Page 81 and 82: Education courses. This analysis wi
Page 83 and 84: Practical Phonetics 288 Practical G
Page 85 and 86: Five-Year Program of Teacher of Fre
Page 87 and 88: courses of the term are marked за
Page 89 and 90: Program Description: In the former
Page 91 and 92: Diploma of "Specialist" in Medicine
Page 93 and 94: Each semester culminated in a final
Page 95 and 96: Further Clinical Study After gradua
Page 97 and 98: Sample Curriculum Six-Year "Special
Page 99 and 100: Summary of Rationale: The IQAS plac
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Credential Templates, The Former USSR and the Russian Federation

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