Credential Templates, The Former USSR and the Russian Federation

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* Psychiatry and Narcology * Pulmonology * Radiology * Reflex Therapy * Rentgenology * Rheumatology * Social Medicine and Management in Public Health * Stomatology * Surgery * Therapeutic Physical Training and Sport Medicine * Therapy * Traumatology and Orthopedics * Urology Academic Year Entrance examinations are traditionally held in August. The academic year runs from September to June. It is divided into two academic semesters with examinations held at the end of each. Examinations may be oral or written and number about five per semester. In contrast to other countries, in the Russian Federation 100% of the course grade is determined by the final examination grade in that subject. Other courses may be evaluated as pass/fail. In order to qualify for the final examination, students must also complete professional practice requirements. The university level higher education curriculum stipulates 36 weeks of study a year. Depending on the field of study (specialisation), mandatory courses in the curriculum constitute 80 to 85 percent, optional courses 15 to 20 percent. The total workload of a student should not exceed 54 hours a week, including classroom work and independent studies. For part-time evening education, classwork should be no less than 10 hours a week. In the case of correspondence education, students are offered at least 160 contact hours a year. It is important to note that the system of higher education in the Russian Federation, as in the former USSR, emphasizes contact hours at the expense of homework and independent study. Therefore a direct conversion of instructional hours in the Russian Federation to semester hours (credits) in Western countries may be misleading. One of the current initiatives of the Russian Ministry of Education in conjunction with the Bologna process is the introduction of credits. The European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) uses a standard system of 30 hours corresponding to one ECTS credit. It is envisioned that one academic year will comprise of approximately 60 credits. Language of Instruction The principal language of higher education in the Russian Federation is Russian. Higher education may be conducted in other languages of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign languages. The language of education is set by the appropriate administrative body. 96
Sample Curriculum Six-Year "Specialist" Program in Medicine (Specialization number 1901, Therapist), Moscow Medical Academy, 1991 Subject Lecture Lab/Practice/ Seminar Total History of the Communist Party of the USSR 60 60 120 Marxist-Leninist Philosophy 80 60 140 Principles of Scientific Atheism 18 6 24 Political Economy 50 50 100 Scientific Communism 40 40 80 Special Training 68 186 254 Civil Defence Physical Education, including Medical Gymnastics 20 30 50 & Medical Control 11 174 190 Latin & Medical Terminology 72 72 Foreign Language 350 350 Medical Biology & Genetics Medical & Biological Physics, with Information 28 120 148 Science & Medical Equipment 36 132 168 General & Bio-Organic Chemistry 48 140 188 Biochemistry 46 144 190 Human Anatomy 54 222 276 Histology, Embryology & Cytology 34 134 168 Normal Physiology 50 186 236 Microbiology, with Virology & Immunology 38 146 184 Pharmacology 36 130 166 Clinical Pharmacology 4 52 56 Pathological Anatomy, with Dissection 38 148 186 Pathological Physiology 38 128 166 General Hygiene, with Ecology 36 94 130 Social Hygiene & Organization of Health Services 56 96 152 General Patient Care (Therapy) 40 40 Introduction to Internal Diseases 36 168 204 Internal Disease & General Physical Therapy 76 256 332 Endocrinology 18 38 56 Tuberculosis 18 78 96 Polyclinic Training 18 52 70 Occupational Diseases 8 30 38 Roentgenology & Radiation Medicine 18 58 76 General Patient Care (Surgery) 32 32 General Surgery & Anesthesiology 46 120 166 Reanimation & Intensive Therapy 4 34 38 97
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Credential Templates, The Former US
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Program Description: In the USSR:
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The upper secondary curriculum was
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Family Studies 34 34 68 Economics 6
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Natural Sciences Mathematics Politi
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standardized exam. Each student tak
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(typically without entrance exams)
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The Diploma of Lower Vocational Edu
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PTUs did not offer complete seconda
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Uchilishche that are lower vocation
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In the former USSR and the Russian
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образовании, Attestat o
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Advanced Vocational Certificate of
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Types of Institutions Offering High
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time student is fifty-four hours a
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IQAS recommends that: In the former
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Is considered comparable to British
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Unified State Examination (USE) The
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content. Institutions may define 15
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secondary education (Diploma of Low
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zavedeniya) or just "Diploma" (Ди
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Each semester culminated in a final
Page 45 and 46: • Oral and written entrance exami
Page 47 and 48: areas such as business/management,
Page 49 and 50: Master's degree Country: Russian Fe
Page 51 and 52: The final State attestation include
Page 53 and 54: Candidate of Sciences Country: Form
Page 55 and 56: IQAS Rationale: Candidate of Scienc
Page 57 and 58: Scale Description 5 Excellent (От
Page 59 and 60: Placement Recommendations: NOOSR 20
Page 61 and 62: The doktorant submits the thesis to
Page 63 and 64: IQAS Recommendations for: Employmen
Page 65 and 66: Forms of Education There are differ
Page 67 and 68: Scale Description 5 Excellent (От
Page 69 and 70: образовании, Attestat ob
Page 71 and 72: Training for lower secondary school
Page 73 and 74: Higher Vocational Teacher Education
Page 75 and 76: Higher Vocational Teacher Education
Page 77 and 78: • Admission after incomplete seco
Page 79 and 80: In the Russian Federation: • Cert
Page 81 and 82: Education courses. This analysis wi
Page 83 and 84: Practical Phonetics 288 Practical G
Page 85 and 86: Five-Year Program of Teacher of Fre
Page 87 and 88: courses of the term are marked за
Page 89 and 90: Program Description: In the former
Page 91 and 92: Diploma of "Specialist" in Medicine
Page 93 and 94: Each semester culminated in a final
Page 95: Further Clinical Study After gradua
Page 99 and 100: Summary of Rationale: The IQAS plac
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Credential Templates, The Former USSR and the Russian Federation

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