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3. Determine characteristics used by adult female fishers to select den sites. 4. Determine the frequency of occurrence and total volume of prey found in the gastrointestinal tracts of fisher legally harvested in the southern part of their range in Minnesota and compare findings to fisher from northern Minnesota. 5. Use light detection and ranging information to determine vegetative habitat structure within predetermined home range boundaries and within a 50 meter radius of natal den sites. Materials and Methods: Trapping: Fisher will be trapped in and around the Camp Ripley military base and training area (Fig. 1). Fisher will be captured using baited live-traps (Tomahawk Model #108, Tomahawk Live Trap Co., Tomahawk, WI) during the months of mid-August to March in 2008-2009 and September to March in 2009-2010. Traps will be baited using fish, turkey (Meleagris gallopovo), or beaver as well as commercial lure. Traps set between 1 November and 31 March will be covered with plastic or a cloth sack to protect trapped animals from harsh weather. Traps will be fitted with radio-collars from previous studies (white-tailed deer and gray wolves (Canis lupus)) so that when the trap is tripped it produces a signal (Arthur 1988, Benevides et al 2006). Trap collars have metal mirror clamps attached with epoxy so a magnet can connect to it. Magnets are attached to the trap door with 20 lb. fishing line. When the door closes the magnet is pulled off of the mirror clamp starting the collar signal (need figure). Fisher will not be livetrapped during the months of April through August to avoid interrupting the breeding cycle and rearing of offspring. Twenty-five live-traps will be set within the confines of Camp Ripley military base located in central Minnesota (Figure 1). All traps will be checked once daily and any nontarget species will be released immediately. Captured fisher will be immobilized (under the supervision of Brian Dirks, Camp Ripley Animal Survey Coordinator) with 33 mg/kg of a 10:1 ratio of Ketamine:Xylazine via an 18 gage hypodermic needle and syringe (Arthur 1988, Zielinski et al 2004, Koen et al 2007, Weir and Corbould 2007). The use of a ketamine-xylazine combination for fisher has been found to be safe (Mitcheltree et al 1999). To prevent injury to the animal and to avoid administering improper doses, individuals will be restrained using live-trap dividers (Thomasma and Peterson 1998). Trap dividers are similar in appearance to hair combs. The metal “teeth” are slid through the mesh of the cage so the fisher cannot maneuver around inside the trap. Anesthetized individuals will be weighed, have standard body measurements taken, and have a hair sample removed for DNA analysis. After measurements have been taken, each animal will be fitted with standard VHF radio-collar (radio transmitter, Model #M1930, Advanced Telemetry Systems, Isanti, MN) and ear tags (National Wing Bands Style 893, National Band and Tag Co. Newport, KY). Radio-collars and ear tags have non-duplicated numbers so that the individual can be identified by them. The radio-collars are designed to last two years. They are active for 16 hours and inactive for 8 hours. Radio-collars have been effectively used on fisher in other studies (Powell 1979, Arthur 1988, Arthur et al 1989, Arthur and Krohn 1991, Weir and Harestad 2003, Zielinski et al 2004, Koen et al 2007, Weir and Corbould 2007). Animals will then be placed into an animal carrier until they regain dexterity, whereupon they will be released at the site of their capture (Animal Care and Use Committee 1998). Currently, an inadequate number of individuals have been fitted with collars (n=4). To increase sample size local fur-bearing trappers ( 5 miles of the Camp Ripley border) will be offered monetary reimbursement ($100) for each successful live-captured fisher fitted with a radiotransmitter. Trappers are required to use cage traps or padded leg-holds. Brian Dirks and Lucas Wandrie will process animals captured by outside trappers. 2009 Conservation Program Report Page 226
Hair Snaring: Hair samples have been used to identify species, individuals, presence, and population demographics. Hair-snaring devices for fisher have been used successfully in Michigan, California, and Idaho (Belant 2003, Zielinski et al 2004, Joel Sauder, personal communication). Hair-snaring devices have incorporated the use of live-stock currycombs, barb-wire, glue-traps, and gun brushes (Belant 2003, Pauli et al 2007, Zielinski et al 2006). For this study, currycombs were used following the procedures of Belant (2003). Samples can be used to identify presence or absence of fisher and to distinguish between individuals. From July to mid August 2008 traps were modified into hair-snares. Each trap had a currycomb (4 circular steel bands, 10.6 cm external diameter) attached to the door with three zip-ties (Belant 2003). The currycomb was oriented so that the large-toothed side collected the hair sample. Zip-ties allowed the door to open and close as normal but did not allow it to lock; this is achieved by looping each zip-tie around both sections of the door. This enabled the safe departure of the animal as well as safely gathering a single hair sample. After the animal exited, the door remained shut eliminating the possibility of contaminating the sample from another animal. As hair-snaring failed to produce the desired results in 2008 it will be excised from the project for the year of 2009. Radiotelemetry: A minimum of two point locations per fisher per month will be gathered by triangulating from the ground or via small aircraft (Arthur et al 1989). Points taken on consecutive days will be taken at least 16 hours apart (Arthur et al 1989). Compass bearings and UTM coordinates are entered into Triangulate a component of ArcMap (Fig. 3). Using a minimum of 25 triangulated points, home range size will be determined using fixed kernel analysis (CALHOME). Home range size has been found to range from 2.1 km 2 in eastern Ontario (Koen et al 2007) to 51.8 km 2 in Idaho (Joel Sauder, personal communication). Adult male fisher have significantly larger mean home range size, this is attributed to the polygynous breeding system (Zielinski et al 2004, Arthur et al 1989, Koen et al 2007). Zielinski et al (2004) found that in California mean home range size differed depending on geographic location. Radiotelemetry will also be used to locate collared females during the reproductive season to locate and describe den sites. This will be done by gathering radiolocations every 2 to 3 days, if the location of the female has not changed after 3 consecutive radio locations her exact location will be determined by homing in on her signal (John Erb, unpublished methods). Dens will be inspected with video probes to determine litter size and to describe the structure of the natal den. If it is not possible (i.e., unable to safely climb a den tree or high den complexity) to inspect dens with video probes, remote cameras will be set up around the area (John Erb, unpublished methods). Gastrointestinal Analysis: Gastrointestinal tract contents from fisher legally harvested in Aitkin, Cass, Crow Wing, Mille Lacs, Morrison, and Todd counties will be compared to GI tract contents from Kuehn’s (1989) study area (Fig. 2). Because trappers are only required to bring in pelts from harvested fisher to the DNR, letters will be sent to trappers within the aforementioned counties requesting that they also bring in carcasses. This will be done strictly on a volunteer basis. As some trappers trap outside of their county of residence, any fisher taken from counties not previously stated will not be used in analysis. Fisher GI tract contents will be analyzed according to weight, sex, and age (Giuliano et al 1989). Fisher carcasses will be weighed using a 50kg digital scale, and live weights will be Page 227 2009 Conservation Program Report
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This document is made available ele
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Camp Ripley and Arden Hills Minneso
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Program Overview ..................
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Conservation
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In 2009, the environmental team gav
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Figure 1. Location of Camp Ripley a
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land use activities between militar
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all of the buildings on AHATS have
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Figure 3. Forest stands re-inventor
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Figure 4. Forest Inventory and Anal
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Figure 5. Location of timber sales
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Table 4. Timber sale summary at Cam
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2009 Sales Hodgden Logging B011023
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Specific information regarding thes
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Figure 10. VEGETATION MANAGEMENT Ca
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Figure 11. Fire units burned for ec
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Camp Ripley and Arden Hills Army Tr
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Figure 14. Picture of the large sca
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Figure 17. Results from spraying a
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techniques, to current 2009 updates
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Figure 20. Total phosphorus results
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Totals and Trends Camp Ripley provi
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The ovenbird, one of the most commo
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methodology were also considered, h
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shrubland/grassland sparrow was hig
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Woods (3 single boxes) and Camp Rip
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Figure 26. Wood duck nesting box lo
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Figure 28. Bald eagle nests at and
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Figure 29. Owl survey route at Camp
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Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus
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Figure 33. Red-shouldered hawk call
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Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) Ruf
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Figure 37. Ruffed grouse drumming s
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(Helianthus spp.), and grass (Poa s
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Table 11. Gray wolves captured at C
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Figure 40. Locations for Wolf #31 a
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Wolf Mortalities Wolf #28 was first
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monitoring of reproduction and cub
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Figure 44. Bear #2079‟s (7 year o
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Figure 45. Bear #2081‟s home rang
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Scent Post Survey The MNDNR has con
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Cougar (Puma concolor) and Canada L
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Figure 50. Cougar and Canada lynx d
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Ground and aerial tracking were use
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Figure 51. Calculated 90% minimum c
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Many problem areas can be addressed
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Figure 54. Locations of ANABAT surv
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Table 16. Summary of Blanding‟s t
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Figure 56. Observations and nest lo
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Figure 59. Precipitation (inches) a
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Figure 62. Anuran survey routes at
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Table 17. Anuran survey index data
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Grassland plots (n=7) contained 20
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Average Number of Species per Plot
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Henslow’s sparrow (Ammodramus hen
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large (See Hunting Programs section
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Table 22. Small mammal live trappin
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and was completed by 3:30 PM. Surve
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Table 24. Bird species observed at
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Lake Allot is managed for a wide di
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Complete details regarding the ACUB
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Figure 72. Camp Ripley ACUB fiscal
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Range and Training Land Assessment
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Figure 73. Farmstead mitigation sit
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A natural resource damage assessmen
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UTILIZATION Derived Digital Terrain
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HUNTING PROGRAMS Camp Ripley has ha
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Table 32. Deployed soldier‟s arch
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Table 34. General public archery wh
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AHATS Volunteer Archery Deer Hunt T
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2009 Conservation Program Report RE
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Koper, N. and R. J. Brooks. 2000. E
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U.S. Department of Agriculture. 200
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Section INRMP Goal INRMP Ensure ade
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Section INRMP Goal Section INRMP Go
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Section INRMP Goal 2009 Conservatio
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Section INRMP Goal Forestry Emphasi
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Section INRMP Goal Forestry Monitor
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Section INRMP Goal Goal Created Sec
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Section INRMP Goal Land Use Minimiz
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Section INRMP Goal Wildlife Monitor
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Section INRMP Goal Wildlife Monitor
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Section INRMP Goal Fisheries Contin
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Section INRMP Goal 2009 Conservatio
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Section INRMP Goal RTLA Provide inf
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Section INRMP Goal GIS Maintain har
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Section INRMP Goal TRI Provide mili
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Section INRMP Goal SRA Instill a se
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2009 Conservation Program Report AD
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2009 Conservation Program Report RT
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Section INRMP Goal Goal Created TRI
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Section INRMP Goal Goal Created 200
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Page 194 and 195: 2009 Conservation Program Report FI
Page 196 and 197: 2009 Conservation Program Report FI
Page 198 and 199: 2009 Conservation Program Report Pa
Page 208 and 209: 2. Opening Remarks. COL Weaver welc
Page 210 and 211: 4. Fifteen of the most hazardous fa
Page 212 and 213: Natural Resources: There was an inf
Page 220 and 221: 2008 Minnesota Statutes 190.25 LAND
Page 222 and 223: 2009 Conservation Program Report BY
Page 224 and 225: d. Old business e. New business f.
Page 228 and 229: # of ECS subsections Tax Scientific
Page 234 and 235: To meet thermoregulatory demands as
Page 236 and 237: Hillerman, J. P., F. H. Kratzer, an
Page 240 and 241: Principal Investigator: Dr. John Kr
Page 244 and 245: calculated following Kuehn (1985).
Page 246 and 247: Zielinski, W. J., F. V. Schlexer, K
Page 248 and 249: 2009 Conservation Program Report Na
Page 250 and 251: Project Title: Training Area 4 Nati
Page 252 and 253: Project Title: Training Area 8 Borr
Page 254 and 255: Project Title: Training Area 9 Wild
Page 256 and 257: Project Title: Training Area 10 Wil
Page 258 and 259: Listed below is a summery table tha
Page 260 and 261: Page 244 2009 Conservation Program
Page 264: Equal opportunity to participate in
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