English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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5.6.1. and 5.6.2. Current status and economic importance of the sector and changes in the sector over time..................................................................................................................................................... 99 5.6.3. Impact on biodiversity................................................................................................................... 99 5.7. Energy..................................................................................................................................................... 99 5.7.1. and 5.7.2. Current status and economic importance of the sector and changes in the sector over time..................................................................................................................................................... 99 5.7.3. Impact on biodiversity:................................................................................................................ 100 5.8. Transport (traffic) .............................................................................................................................. 100 5.8.1. Current status and economic importance of the sector ......................................................... 100 5.8.2. Changes in the sector over time ................................................................................................. 101 5.8.3. Impact on biodiversity................................................................................................................. 101 5.9. Tourism and recreation ..................................................................................................................... 102 5.9.1. Current status and economic importance of the sector ......................................................... 102 5.9.2. Changes in the sector over time ................................................................................................. 102 5.9.3. Impact on biodiversity................................................................................................................. 102 5.10. Other key sectors affecting biodiversity........................................................................................ 103 5.10.1. Defence......................................................................................................................................... 103 5.10.2. Education and research............................................................................................................. 103 5.10.3. Trade ............................................................................................................................................ 104 5.11. Sectoral analysis ................................................................................................................................ 104 6. EXISTING MEASURES AND PROGRAMMES FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ... 105 6.1. Legislation and policy for biodiversity use and conservation...................................................... 105 6.1.1. Constitutional framework ........................................................................................................... 105 6.1.2. Environmental protection and regulation laws....................................................................... 105 6.1.3. Protected areas laws..................................................................................................................... 105 6.1.4. Laws on flora and fauna.............................................................................................................. 106 6.1.5. Legislation on land use and development................................................................................. 107 6.1.6. Legislation on pollution............................................................................................................... 107 6.1.7. Other relevant sectoral legislation affecting biodiversity ...................................................... 108 6.1.8. International agreements and conventions .............................................................................. 109 6.2. Protected areas system....................................................................................................................... 110 6.2.1. Description of extent, location and coverage of protected areas.......................................... 110 6.2.2. Legal and management status of protected areas................................................................... 111 6.2.3. Assessment of gaps in current protected areas system........................................................... 112 6.3. Conservation outside protected areas.............................................................................................. 113 6.3.1. In-situ conservation measures in broader landscape ............................................................. 113 6.3.2. Ex-situ conservation measures................................................................................................... 113 6.3.2.1. Plant propagation in botanic gardens and nurseries .............................................................. 113 6.3.2.2. Captive breeding in zoological parks ..................................................................................... 114 6.3.2.3. Materials held in genetic collections and gene-banks ........................................................... 115 6.4. Other existing projects and programmes for biodiversity conservation ................................... 115
6.4.1. Biodiversity inventory and monitoring and research............................................................. 115 6.4.2. Educational programmes and training..................................................................................... 115 6.4.3. Public Awareness.......................................................................................................................... 116 6.4.4. Conservation planning................................................................................................................. 116 6.4.5. Domestic projects ......................................................................................................................... 117 6.4.6. International projects.................................................................................................................. 118 6.5. Existing financial resources and mechanisms for biodiversity conservation............................ 121 6.6. Organisations involved in biodiversity conservation and management..................................... 123 6.6.1. Government structures and agencies for biodiversity management.................................... 123 6.6.2. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) ................................................................................ 125 6.6.3. Academic/Research Institutions................................................................................................. 125 6.6.4. Business and private sector......................................................................................................... 125 6.6.5. Community groups....................................................................................................................... 126 6.7. Summary of existing measures, capacity and experience for biodiversity management ........ 127 7. PROBLEM ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 129 7.1. Current loss of, or effects on, biodiversity...................................................................................... 129 7.2. Direct causes of biodiversity loss ...................................................................................................... 130 7.3. Underlying causes of biodiversity loss ............................................................................................ 130 7.4. Key sectors affecting biodiversity..................................................................................................... 131 7.6. Opportunities for conservation......................................................................................................... 133 ANNEX 1: Endemic species of flora in Macedonia............................................................................... 136 ANNEX 2: Endemic species of fauna in Macedonia ............................................................................ 141 ANNEX 3: Rare and threatened species of flora in Macedonia.......................................................... 159 ANNEX 4: Threatened species of fauna in Macedonia................. ...................................................... 167 ANNEX 5: Gene fund of Angiosperm plants in the flora of the Republic of Macedonia.................. 171 ANNEX 6: Agrobiodiversity .................................................................................................................. 182 ANNEX 7: List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................ ..... 193 References ...... ..... ................................................................................................................................... 195
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English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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