English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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110 COUNTRY STUDY FOR BIODIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA • Montreal Protocol on Ozone Layer Depleting Substances (Montreal, 1987) - ratified on 10 March 1994; • London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol (London, 29 June 1990) - ratified on 27 May 1998 (Official Gazette of RM 25/98); • Copenhagen Amendment to the Montreal Protocol (Copenhagen, 25 November 1992) - ratified on 27 May 1998 (Official Gazette of RM 25/98); • Montreal Amendment to the Montreal Protocol (Montreal, 17 September 1997) - ratified on 30 July 1999 (Official Gazette of RM 51/99); • Basel <strong>Convention</strong> on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel, 1995) - ratified by law (Official Gazette of RM 49/97); • United Nations <strong>Convention</strong> to Combat Desertification in Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (UN, 2000) - ratified in February 2002 (Official Gazette of RM 13/02). These international acts define extensive obligations which must get their normative expression in the national legislation. As a matter of course, the harmonisation of the national legislation with both the ratified international agreements and those still under the ratification procedure should be a priority task in the normative policy of the sphere of biodiversity conservation. 6.2. Protected areas system 6.2.1. Description of extent, location and coverage of protected areas According to the official data, which was based on previous scientific research, there should be approximately 107 protected areas of differing categories covering about 18% of the land surface of the Republic of Macedonia. Despite five decades of organised conservation of natural rarities, however, the network of protected areas now includes only 68 sites covering an area of 170,235 ha or 6.62% of the land surface. The status of protected properties by category are as follows: • three national parks encompassing 108,338 ha or 4.21%; • three sites of special natural character covering 2,338 ha or 0.09%; • 14 areas outside nature reserves containing certain plant and animal species, 2,709 ha or 0.10%; • 48 natural monuments encompassing 56,850 ha or 2.22%. It is recommended that an additional 39 natural properties be included in the system of protected areas. These are: • two national parks; • nine strict nature reserves; • 14 scientific-research reserves; • 14 sites of special natural character. By geographic location, both the currently protected natural properties and those yet to be protected are distributed throughout Macedonia. Most of them are located in the western part of the country, with some also being present in regions with tourism.
COUNTRY STUDY FOR BIODIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA The comparison of data on the numbers and types of currently protected natural properties with those deserving to be placed under protection might be problematic, as the existing system of classification and categorisation of natural rarities has not been harmonised with international standards. It should also be stressed that the subject data do not apply to those areas protected in accordance with the laws of other sectors closely related to natural heritage protection (e.g., laws on forests, water, hunting etc). 6.2.2. Legal and management status of protected areas In compliance with the existing laws of the Republic of Macedonia, protected areas generally have the legal status of “natural rarities.” In some laws, however, such as the Law on the Conservation and Promotion of the Environment and Nature, the generic term for protected areas is “special natural wealth.” There is an obvious inconsistency of terms in the relevant national legislation, as well as a deviation from international nomenclatural standards for the identification of protected areas. According to the current overriding law, the legal status of “protected areas as natural rarities” is defined in detail in the Act for Proclamation within a law or decision, depending on the type of special character to be protected. Protected areas can have the legal status of: A. Nature Reserve 1. Common Nature Reserve (a) National Park (b) Strict Nature Reserve (c) Scientific-Research Reserve (d) Site of Special Natural Character (e) Characteristic Landscape 2. Special Nature Reserve B. Natural Monument C. Natural Sites of Historic Importance D. Areas Outside Nature Reserves Containing Certain Plant and Animal Species Undoubtedly, this classification system for considering protected properties as natural rarities does not correspond to the classification scheme developed by IUCN or the United Nations Environmental Programme's (UNEP) World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC). In this regard, harmonisation of the national classification system for protected areas with international standards (number, name and definition of categories of protected areas) will be one of the priority tasks in developing new legal measures for nature conservation, specifically of biodiversity. Based upon existing regulations, management of protected areas is described in only a rudimentary way. Nevertheless, a key provision of the existing protection model requires that natural rarities (i.e., protected areas) be managed by their “holders” which, in most cases, appears to be the State. The State accomplishes the management of these protected areas, as both a right and an obligation, in ways such as: • establishing specialised institutions; • transferring the right of use to certain legal entities; • concessioning. 111
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Country Study for Biodiversity of t
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This study was based upon scientifi
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• Branislava Mihajlova, M.Sc., Mu
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FOREWORD...........................
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English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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