English - Convention on Biological Diversity
English - Convention on Biological Diversity
English - Convention on Biological Diversity
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7. PROBLEM ANALYSIS<br />
COUNTRY STUDY FOR BIODIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA<br />
7.1. Current loss of, or effects <strong>on</strong>, biodiversity<br />
The present status of biodiversity in the Republic of Maced<strong>on</strong>ia is a c<strong>on</strong>sequence of<br />
the envir<strong>on</strong>mental c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s in which its comp<strong>on</strong>ents (species and ecosystems) are<br />
developing, global changes and anthropogenic impacts.<br />
Aquatic and wetland ecosystems are the most endangered. The assn. Myriophyllo-<br />
Nupharetum (Doyran Lake) has almost disappeared, whereas assn. Lemno-Spirodelletum<br />
polyrhizae subassn. aldrovandetosum (Prespa Lake) is threatened with extincti<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Relict lowland marsh communities can be found <strong>on</strong>ly in a generally fragmented state,<br />
with six of them particularly endangered (assn. Caricetum elatae subassn.<br />
lysimachietosum - Ohrid Lake, near Studenchishte; assn. Cypero-Caricetum acutiformis<br />
- Gostivar; assn. Glycerietum maximae - Pelag<strong>on</strong>ia; assn. Mariscetum - Negortsi Spa;<br />
assn. Osmundo-Thelipteretum - Bansko and assn. Scirpo-Alopecuretum cretici -<br />
M<strong>on</strong>ospitovo Marsh).<br />
With regard to meadows, the most endangered are those associati<strong>on</strong>s developing <strong>on</strong><br />
very wet terrain (assn. Hordeo-Caricetum distantis - Gevgeliya and Skopye).<br />
Three communities am<strong>on</strong>g the halophytic vegetati<strong>on</strong> are the most endangered,<br />
particularly assn. Camphorosmetum m<strong>on</strong>speliacae.<br />
Am<strong>on</strong>g forest vegetati<strong>on</strong>, nine forest phytocenoses are endangered: assn. Aceri<br />
heldreichii-Fagetum - Yakupitsa and Shar Planina Mountains; assn. Alnetum viridis -<br />
Belasitsa; assn. Carici el<strong>on</strong>gatae-Alnetum glutinosae - Polog, Debartsa; assn. Daphno-<br />
Cytisanthetum radiati calcicolum - Galichitsa and Yablanitsa; assn. Ephedro-Prunetum<br />
tenellae – Kavadartsi and Lubas; assn. Juglando-Aesculetum hippocastani - Suv Dol,<br />
near Izvor, and Yablanitsa; assn. Periploco-Alnetum glutinosae - M<strong>on</strong>ospitovo Marsh,<br />
assn. Periploco-Fradzinetum angustifoliae-pallisae - Negortsi Spa and assn. Tilio<br />
cordatae-Fagetum - Drevenicka Mountain.<br />
Within the lower plant groups, the best available knowledge is <strong>on</strong> phylum<br />
Bacillariophyta. Nine species are c<strong>on</strong>sidered to be extinct and 107 are endangered. As<br />
for the Fungi, a Preliminary Red List has been developed, including 67 endangered<br />
species from phylum Basidiomycota and 12 from Lichens.<br />
Am<strong>on</strong>g the higher plant groups, the most endangered group is that of Angiosperms<br />
(280-300 endangered species), ferns (15), mosses (20) and Gymnosperms (7). Five<br />
species of Gymnosperms are c<strong>on</strong>sidered to be extinct.<br />
The current faunal diversity of the Republic of Maced<strong>on</strong>ia is facing great pressure<br />
resulting from direct and indirect anthropogenic impacts. Thus, as many as 113<br />
vertebrate species are included in the category of threatened species, which is 22.3% of<br />
the entire vertebrate fauna (17 are Maced<strong>on</strong>ian endemic species).<br />
Invertebrate faunal diversity suffers from even greater anthropogenic pressure, which<br />
leads to a reducti<strong>on</strong> in the populati<strong>on</strong>s of large numbers of species and eventually to<br />
extincti<strong>on</strong>. Special attenti<strong>on</strong> and care needs to be paid to 650 endemic invertebrate taxa,<br />
many of which are limited to the three natural lakes (Doyran Lake – 11, Prespa Lake –<br />
18 and Ohrid Lake – 209). The disappearance of these species will represent an<br />
immeasurable loss, not <strong>on</strong>ly at the nati<strong>on</strong>al level, but also at a global level.<br />
Despite a large amount of research, there is still not enough informati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> a large<br />
porti<strong>on</strong> of the endemic species c<strong>on</strong>cerning the current status of their populati<strong>on</strong>s and the<br />
direct threats to their survival.<br />
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