English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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64 COUNTRY STUDY FOR BIODIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA The richest diversity is found in Angiospermae, with 3,200 species (i.e., about 1.5% of the total number of Angiosperms present on Earth). The group Choripetalae is almost completely known, while the Sympetalae and Monocotyledonae are currently under intensive study. The next most diverse species is the mosses, with approximately 350 species with two endemics. Among the mosses, the class Musci is the most studied, and the class Hepaticae the least studied. Additional research is expected to increase the number of known moss species by 120-130. Of the 117 known endemic higher plant species, 114 belong to the Angiosperms. The class Dicotyledonae is represented by 109 endemic species and the class Monocotyledonae by five. The families with the most endemic species are: Compositae (18), Caryophyllaceae (17), Labiatae (12), Violaceae (10), Scrophulariaceae (9), Rosaceae (9) etc. A general characteristic of the fauna of Macedonia is its high degree of taxonomic diversity, represented by 9,339 species and 228 subspecies, for a total of 9,567 taxa. In addition, the complex zoogeographical structure, with faunal elements of various origins and zoogeographical affiliations (resulting not only from the geographical location within the country, but also from the complex historical development of the organisms [i.e., from the Tertiary through the Ice Age to the present]), is manifested by a high degree of relict and endemic forms. Macedonian endemic faunal elements are represented by 674 taxa, including 602 species and 72 subspecies (7% of the total current number of recorded taxa). Representatives of Arthropoda, the largest phylum in the animal world, also occur in large numbers in Macedonia (7,743 taxa). The degree of endemism at the phylum level, in descending order, is as follows: Porifera – 60%, Plathelmintes – 41%, Mollusca – 35.8%, Annelida – 29.6% and Protozoa – 28.3%. Lower taxonomic groups (subphyla, classes, orders, families) show higher degrees of endemism. The level of endemism within the subphylum Ciliophora is 88%, the order Isopoda – 85%, the order Amphipoda – 81.4% and within aquatic Gastropods – 74.5%. Among the Vertebrates (Vertebrata), the highest degree of endemism appears within the superclass Pisces – 34.5%, a real curiosity even within Europe. 3.5.5.2. Summary of the conservation status across all species The most threatened species among the lower plant groups are diatoms (74), especially the species: Achnanthes brevipes, A. inflata, Actinocyclus normanii, Caloneis amphisbaena f. subsalina, Cyclotella iris, Cymbella hauckii, Eunotia arculus, Gomphonema hebridense, Hippodonta rostrata, Naviculadicta pseudosilicula, Nitzschia sinuata var. tabellaria, Placoneis gastrum var. signata, Stauroneis borrichii etc. There are 67 potentially threatened species of Fungi (Basidiomycota), especially among the following: Antrodia juniperina, Battarea phalloides, Boletus regius, Chroogomphus helveticus, Inonotus tamaricis, Myriostoma coliforme, Peniophora tamaricicola, Pleurocybella porigens, Poronia punctata, Pyrofomes demidoffii and Suillus sibiricus. Lichens have 12 threatened species: Evernia divaricata, Parmelina exasperatula, P. omphaloides, P. pastillifera, P. sorediata, Peltigera venosa, Pertusaria coccodes, Ramalia carpatica, R. polymorpha, Staurothele clopimoides, Usnia carpatica and U. causasica. The most threatened groups of the higher plants are the Angiosperms (with approximately 280-300 species), Ferns (15), Mosses (20) and Gymnosperms (7).
COUNTRY STUDY FOR BIODIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Especially threatened are the aquatic and wetland plants, such as: Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Alopecurus creticus, Beckmannia eruciformis, Carex elata, Cladium mariscus, Drosera rotundifolia, Glyceria maxima, Isoetes phrygia, Merendera sobolifera, Nymphaea alba, Osmunda regalis, Ranunculus lingua, Rumex hydrolapathum, Salvinia natans, Senecio paludosus etc. The following group includes relict species, as well as some of the Macedonian endemics which have a restricted distribution and whose habitats have been impacted by certain anthropogenic activities such as the construction of roads, hydropower reservoirs, agricultural conversion etc. These are: Anthoceros punctatus, Astragalus cernjavskii, A. physocalyx, Buxbaumia indusiata, Camphorosma monspeliaca, Crypsis aculeatus, Knautia caroli-rechingeri, Onobrychis degeni, Puccinelia convoluta, Rhodobryum roseum, Salvia jurisicii, Sambucus debarensis, Sideritis scardica, Silene paeoniensis, Suaeda maritima, Thymus alsarensis, T. oehmianus, Tulipa mariannae, Viola allchariensis, V. arsenica, V. kosaninii etc. Table 22. Threatened species of Fungi, flora and fauna in the Republic of Macedonia. Taxonomic group Number of Threatened Species Fungi (Fungi) 67 Lichens (Lichenes) 12 Total Fungi and Lichens 79 Algae (Algae) – Bacillariophyta 74 Mosses (Bryoposida) 20 Peat mosses (Lycopsida) 6 Horsetails (Sphenopsida) 2 Ferns (Filicinae) 16 Gymnosperms (Gymnospermae) 8 Angiosperms (Angiospermae) - Dicotyledonae - Monocotyledonae 283 57 Total Higher Plants 392 Fishes (Pisces) 30 Reptiles (Reptilia) 1 Birds (Aves) 66 Mammals (Mammalia) 16 Total Fauna 113 Because the National Red List of Fauna in the Republic of Macedonia has not yet been prepared, the numbers of threatened species listed are in accordance with the European Red List of Vertebrates. According to this list, in absolute numbers, birds have the highest number of threatened species (66), followed by Fishes (30), Mammals (16) and then Reptiles (1). The most threatened group of organisms in the Republic of Macedonia are fishes, with 51.7% of the total recorded species. In this group, Salmo lumi is considered an extinct species (EX), whereas populations of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) are at a level of critically endangered (CR). Of birds, 20.7% of the total recorded number of species are 65
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Country Study for Biodiversity of t
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This study was based upon scientifi
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• Branislava Mihajlova, M.Sc., Mu
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FOREWORD...........................
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4.2.1.4. Medicinal use ............
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Phylum Annelida 146 COUNTRY STUDY F
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English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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