English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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54 COUNTRY STUDY FOR BIODIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA In addition to the numerous Balkan and south-Balkan endemic lower plant species, there are also many endemics in the flora of higher plant groups, with most recorded among the Angiosperms (114). The most important centres of endemism are on the high mountains (Galichitsa and Shar Planina), in river gorges (Babuna, Treska and Vardar) and in portions of the lowland belt (Mariovo, vicinity of Prilep). Table 15. Number of endemic higher plant species within various taxonomic groups in the Republic of Macedonia. Taxonomic group Number of Endemic Species Mosses (Bryoposida) 2 Peat mosses (Lycopsida) - Horsetails (Sphenopsida) - Ferns (Filicinae) 1 Gymnosperms (Gymnospermae) - Angiosperms (Angiospermae) - Dicotyledonae 109 - Monocotyledonae 5 TOTAL Table 16. Centres of endemism of higher plant groups in the Republic of Macedonia. Centres of Endemism Number of Endemic Higher Plants I. Mountain Endemics Galichitsa 15 Shar Planina 10 Yakupitsa-Karadzitsa 6 Pelister 4 Nidze 4 Kozhuf 2 II. River Gorge Endemics Treska 7 Vardar (Taor and Demir Kapiya gorges) 7 Babuna 5 Raets 2 Crna 2 III. Lowland Endemics Mrezichko-Alshar 10 Mariovo (vicinity of Prilep and of Bitola) 8 Prilep (Markovi Kuli-Treskavets) 6 Kozyak-Pletvar-Sivets 6 Skopye (Vodno-Kitka) 5 Krivolak-Orlovo Brdo 4 3.5.3.3. Conservation status of plants There are many endemic, rare and threatened Algal taxa within the Republic of Macedonia, but so far none has been placed under any sort of protection regime. The risks threatening the Algal species (especially periphyton) arise from habitat loss due to declining water levels (in natural lakes), as well as the accumulation of organic sediments which cover macrophytes and rock-encrusting communities (this situation is particularly serious in Doyran Lake). The numbers of the populations of oligotrophic 117
COUNTRY STUDY FOR BIODIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA and oligosaprobic indicator species within the aquatic ecosystems are constantly decreasing as a result of intensive anthropogenic impacts. Data concerning the degree of threat to Algal taxa exist only for diatoms. According to the research to date, many imperiled species are found in Ohrid and Prespa Lakes (Achnanthes inflata, A. minuscula, Diploneis domblitensis, Eucocconeis quadratarea and Hippodonta rostrata), Doyran Lake (Navicula oblonga, Nitzschia elegantula and N. reversa), and the glacial lakes on Shar Planina and Pelister Mountains (Decussata hexagona, Navicula amphibola, N. concentrica, N. tridentula, Pinnularia alpina, P. infirma, Planothidium peragallii, Stauroneis obtusa etc). Table 17. Number of diatoms species according to their degree of threat in the Republic of Macedonia. Category Number of Species Extinct or probably extinct species 9 Threatened species 107 Rare species 107 Endemic species 85 The Red List of threatened plant species within the Republic of Macedonia has not yet been prepared, although there is sufficient data to do so. Great numbers of higher plant species exist within Macedonia, representing a portion of the globally threatened species included in many international documents – international Red Lists, conventions and directives (IUCN Global Red List, Bern <strong>Convention</strong>, CORINE species), species of national importance (local endemic and relict species), endangered species and, unfortunately, a certain number of extinct species (EX). The IUCN Global Red List 1997 (Walter and Gillet, 1998) contains 70 taxa from the Republic of Macedonia (of which 18 are local endemics). Of these, one species has the world status EX (Extinct) – Thymus oehmianus Ronninger & Soska. It is our belief that this information is incorrect since vital populations of this species still exist within the Republic of Macedonia; a more suitable category would be “EN” (Endangered). Two species have world status “EX/EN” (Extinct/Endangered) – Astragalus physocalyx Fisch. and Ranunculus degenii Kummerle & Jav., while one species has world status “V” (Vulnerable) – Ranunculus cacuminis Strid & Papan. Of the remaining 66 taxa, 61 have world status “R” (Rare) and five have status “I” (Indeterminate). Appendix 1 of the Bern <strong>Convention</strong> * includes 12 species (11 vascular species and one species of moss) with portions of their ranges located within Macedonia – Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Astragalus physocalyx, Buxbaumia viridis, Campanula abietina, Fritillaria graeca, F. gussichiae, Galium rhodopeum, Lindernia procumbens, Marsilea quadrifolia, Ramonda serbica, Salvinia natans and Trapa natans. Of the species listed in EU Habitat Directive † Annex II, two species of vascular plants and one species of moss are present within Macedonia. Three species (F. gussichiae, L. procumbens and R. serbica ) are also present from Annex IV. From the European CORINE list, nine species are present in Macedonia: Coeloglossum viride, Jurinea taygetea, Narthecium scardicum, Orchis coriophora, * Bern <strong>Convention</strong>, Appendix 1 – Strictly protected species † EU Habitats Directive Annex II – Animal and plant species of Community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation Annex IV – Animal and plant species of Community interest in need of strict protection 55
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English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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