English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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36 COUNTRY STUDY FOR BIODIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA not been thoroughly explored; however, during incidental measurements it was noted that the quality of the groundwater was poor in the Skopye region, near the ferro-alloy plant, Yugochrom Chemical Energetic Company, and in the wells used for the water supply of Veles. Large areas of the country with potentially low environmental quality (due to the use of fertilisers, exploitation of mineral raw materials, presence of airborne pollutants, wastewater from settlements etc.), are the Skopye Valley, Veles region, and the regions of Pelagonia, Polog, Kumanovo, Strumitsa-Radovish, Kichevo, Gevgeliya-Valandovo, Prespa, Tikvesh, Kochani, Demir Hisar, Ohrid-Struga and Ovche Pole Plain.
COUNTRY STUDY FOR BIODIVERSITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA 3. STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS 3.1. Status and quality of research on ecosystems and species The biological diversity (biodiversity) of the Republic of Macedonia is relatively well studied, both in terms of the quality of the studies and the scope of the taxonomic groups and species studied. From the first research in flora and fauna made by Frivaldszky (1835, 1836) and Grisebach (1843, 1844) until today, more than 3,000 scientific works have been published. Unlike the first publications which presented fragmented studies, more thorough and more significant research appeared in the period between World War I and II. The most important data from that period in the field of flora occurred in the publications by Kosanin, Bornmüller and Hayek, whereas in the field of fauna Doflein, Karaman and Stankovic are considered the most important. In the period from World War II to the present, the studies of ecosystems and species, both from floristic and faunal aspects, were detailed and of high quality. Of special note in the fields of floristic and faunal research are the works by H. Em, K. Micevski, J. Shapkarev and T. Petkovski. The scope of the research and the study of individual floristic groups is as follows: • Data on the qualitative and quantitative structure of bacteria exist for Ohrid Lake, as compared to riverine ecosystems and reservoirs, where there are data on the structure of only some physiological groups of bacteria. • Of the lower plant groups, the best studied are diatoms (Bacillariophyta), but there is a need to restudy and revise the endemic species described in Ohrid and Prespa Lakes. The group of partially studied Algae includes the Blue-green and Green algae. The other groups (Chrysophyta, Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta, Xanthophyta) are rarely studied and, therefore, it is necessary to initiate basic research on their structure, distribution and ecology. With regard to the key areas researched from the aspect of algology, Ohrid and Doyran Lakes, the Vardar River and its watershed, as well as some marsh ecosystems (Katlanovo, Klimetishko, Monospitovo, Strushko and Stensko Marshes) should be mentioned. Less studied are Prespa Lake and the mountainous aquatic ecosystems, except for those found on Shar Planina Mountain, Pelister, Yakupitsa and Bistra. Data on the other mountainous aquatic biotopes are either incomplete or missing. • Fungi are relatively well studied on only a small number of sites (Pelister, Galichitsa, Kozhuf, Shar Planina Mountain, the watershed of the Tetovska River and the area around Mavrovo), whereas data for other areas in Macedonia are poor. • With regard to higher plant groups, complete studies exist on peat mosses, horsetails, gymnosperms and 78 families of angiosperms (Dicotyledonae: Choripetalae). There are 24 families of the group (Dicotyledonae: Sympetalae), as well as 16 families of the class Monocotyledonae that still need to be studied. The floristic research covered the entirety of the Republic of Macedonia, whereas more comprehensive research on vegetative assemblages was done on some mountain massifs and gorges (Bistra, Malesh and Piyanets, Yakupitsa, Skopska Crna Gora, Dobra Voda, Taor Gorge and the other gorges in the watershed of the Vardar River). • The long tradition of caryological research on higher plants in the Republic of Macedonia began with the identification of the number of chromosomes of some 37
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English - Convention on Biological Diversity

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