EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS IN CENTRAL ... - Bilkent University

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Although, the duration of the cemetery is more or less accepted as lasting from Ed III A to the beginning of Ur III period, the internal chronology of the cemetery is problematic due to its location on a refuse heap (Pollock, 1985: 129). Woolley, the early excavator of the site, devised a scheme of dating the graves by utilizing sequences of different superimposed graves. The result was a division of the graves as Predynastic, Second Dynasty, and Sargonid (Pollock, 1985: 129). Nissen, in turn, using the same technique, had divided the graves into seven phases (Pollock, 1985: 130). On the other hand, Pollock (1985) used a different technique, the seriation of ceramics by using “nonmetric multidimensional scaling”, and divided 241 graves into six temporal periods. The chronological information from these graves was used as a guide to date the rest of the graves (Pollock, 1985: 130.141). Pollock’s list of the graves dated by this method provides a useful tool in cross referencing Anatolian material which claimed to have cultural connections with Ur, or Mesopotamia. 3.4 Chronological Labels For the last fifty years, most scholars choose between the main High, Middle, and Low chronologies (Reade, 2001: 9). There is 120 years difference between the traditional High and Low chronologies. Many of the studies and reports do not indicate what chronological framework was used, if the main purpose of the study is not resolving chronological arguments. Rather chronological labels are used or statements such as second half of the third millennium, last quarter of the third millennium are used. By this practice, cultural materials from different sites can be related without absolute dates. 18
The majority of the dagger finds in Central Anatolia, and the immediate surrounding area, are dated to the last half of the third millennium (EBA II-III), especially to the last quarter EBA III). These dates correlate with the Mesopotamian chronological labels of ED III A, ED III B and Akkad. 19
Page 1 and 2: EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS IN CENTRAL
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS I
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I am
Page 7 and 8: 3.5 Chronological Labels………
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The beginnin
Page 11 and 12: Western Europe which covers a time
Page 13 and 14: There are a limited number of excav
Page 15 and 16: chronology shows the existence of w
Page 17 and 18: 2.1 Definition Nevertheless, a simp
Page 19 and 20: It should be accepted, at least the
Page 21 and 22: 3.1 Chronological Limits of Early B
Page 23 and 24: accepted as belonging to the second
Page 25: If this is taken as a starting poin
Page 29 and 30: 4.2 The Key Sites in Central Anatol
Page 31 and 32: evidence cannot be taken as a defin
Page 33 and 34: dated to the second half of the thi
Page 35 and 36: Hans Henning Von der Osten suggeste
Page 37 and 38: Depata with red cross decoration fi
Page 39 and 40: intentionally mutilating metal vess
Page 41 and 42: elations between Kültepe and Troy.
Page 43 and 44: Phase III in Polatlı is characteri
Page 45 and 46: place. This is most obvious by the
Page 47 and 48: destroyed in Anatolia and none of t
Page 49 and 50: of Yazır Höyük, Demirci Höyük
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER V CENTRAL ANATOLIAN DAGGER
Page 53 and 54: and Önder Bilgi (1989), does not c
Page 55 and 56: Type Ic1 A dagger from the Ankara C
Page 57 and 58: has a wooden core wrapped in electr
Page 59 and 60: Type IId The flat midrib’s edges
Page 61 and 62: and Type IVb (Cat. No: 20), come fr
Page 63 and 64: 5.8 Type VII The only example of a
Page 65 and 66: 6.1 Pontic Interactions When the ge
Page 67 and 68: 39). Yenihayat is not a formaly exc
Page 69 and 70: A shaft-hole axe hammer; a mace hea
Page 71 and 72: of such a dagger in the Central Ana
Page 73 and 74: daggers were, without a question, e
Page 75 and 76: Some of the Yenihayat daggers’ mi
Page 77 and 78:
egional variance in the production
Page 79 and 80:
No.71-71), without an illustration,
Page 81 and 82:
Black Sea region. It is not a contr
Page 83 and 84:
lades have wide midrib; sloping sho
Page 85 and 86:
With the advancement of archaeometa
Page 87 and 88:
Similarly, there are cultural conne
Page 89 and 90:
Another benefit of experimental arc
Page 91 and 92:
-----. 1984. “Metal Objects from
Page 93 and 94:
Lloyd, Seton, Howard Frederick, and
Page 95 and 96:
Reade, J. 2001. “Assyrian King-Li
Page 97 and 98:
Yalçın, Ü. 2010. “ Alacahöyü
Page 104 and 105:
Fig. 1 APPENDIX C FIGURES 96
Page 106 and 107:
. Fig. 22 Fig. 26 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 F
Page 108 and 109:
11. Stronach 1957:93, fig. 2/7. 12.
Page 110 and 111:
Type IId Type II b Cat. No: 4 Cat.
Page 112 and 113:
Type I f1 Type I F2 Cat. No: 7 Fune
Page 114 and 115:
Çadır Höyük Type I c Cat. No: 1
Page 116 and 117:
Type I c Type IV a1 Type IVb Cat. N
Page 118 and 119:
Type II a1 Cat. No: 24 Kalınkaya n
Page 120 and 121:
POLATLI: Ankara province. Type II c
Page 122 and 123:
YAZILIKAYA: Afyon province. Type I
Page 124 and 125:
Type V b Type II a2 Type II a1 Cat.
Page 126 and 127:
Type I c2 Type ? Type III a Cat. No
Page 128:
Type I a Cat. No: 47 Sadberk Hanım
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EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS IN CENTRAL ... - Bilkent University

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