EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS IN CENTRAL ... - Bilkent University

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….......... iii ÖZET………………………………………………………………..…………….. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………. v TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………..…………………………... vi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………...………………... 1 1.1 Previous Studies…………………………………………...………………… 2 1.2 Geographical Scope…………………………………….…………………… 3 1.3 Chronological Limits………………………………………………………… 5 CHAPTER II: WHAT IS A DAGGER?................................................................... 8 2.1 Definition………………………………………….………………………… 9 2.1 Morphological considerations……………………………..………………… 10 CHAPTER III: CHRONOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS……………………… 12 3.1 Chronological Limits of Early Bronze Age…………………….…………… 13 3.2 Current Arguments……………………………………………...…………… 14 3.3 Old Assyrian Chronology……………………………………………………. 16 3.4 The Royal Tombs of Ur……………………………………………………… 17 vi
3.5 Chronological Labels……………………....................................…………… 18 CHAPTER IV: CULTURAL BACKGROUND……………………………………………………………..... 4.1 Concept of the “Hatti” ……………………………….…………..….............. 20 4.2 Key sites in Central Anatolia in Early Bronze Age…………………….…… 21 4.3 Interregional considerations……………………………….………………… 38 4.4 Synthesis………………………………………………………………...…… 41 CHAPTER V: CENTRAL ANATOLIAN DAGGER TYPOLOGY……………… 43 5.1 Methodology…………………………………………………….…………… 45 5.2 Type I………………………………………………………………………… 45 5.3 Type II…………………………………………………………..…………… 49 5.4 Type III……………………………………………………………………… 51 5.5 Type IV……………………………………………………….……………… 52 5.6 Type V…………………………………………………………………..…… 53 5.7 Type VI……………………………………………………………………… 54 5.8 Type VII……………………………………………………...……………… 55 CHAPTER VI: DISCUSSION ON DAGGER TYPOLOGIES IN THEIR REGIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL CONTEXT…………………………. 6.1 Pontic Interactions……………………………………………........................ 57 6.2 Regional and Interregional Typological Comparisons……………………… 58 6.3 “Universal” Typologies……………………………………………………… 72 6.3 Evidence from Caucasus……………………………………………..……… 75 6.4 Further considerations……………………………………………….……… 75 vii 20 56
Page 1 and 2: EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS IN CENTRAL
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS I
Page 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I am
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The beginnin
Page 11 and 12: Western Europe which covers a time
Page 13 and 14: There are a limited number of excav
Page 15 and 16: chronology shows the existence of w
Page 17 and 18: 2.1 Definition Nevertheless, a simp
Page 19 and 20: It should be accepted, at least the
Page 21 and 22: 3.1 Chronological Limits of Early B
Page 23 and 24: accepted as belonging to the second
Page 25 and 26: If this is taken as a starting poin
Page 27 and 28: The majority of the dagger finds in
Page 29 and 30: 4.2 The Key Sites in Central Anatol
Page 31 and 32: evidence cannot be taken as a defin
Page 33 and 34: dated to the second half of the thi
Page 35 and 36: Hans Henning Von der Osten suggeste
Page 37 and 38: Depata with red cross decoration fi
Page 39 and 40: intentionally mutilating metal vess
Page 41 and 42: elations between Kültepe and Troy.
Page 43 and 44: Phase III in Polatlı is characteri
Page 45 and 46: place. This is most obvious by the
Page 47 and 48: destroyed in Anatolia and none of t
Page 49 and 50: of Yazır Höyük, Demirci Höyük
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER V CENTRAL ANATOLIAN DAGGER
Page 53 and 54: and Önder Bilgi (1989), does not c
Page 55 and 56: Type Ic1 A dagger from the Ankara C
Page 57 and 58:
has a wooden core wrapped in electr
Page 59 and 60:
Type IId The flat midrib’s edges
Page 61 and 62:
and Type IVb (Cat. No: 20), come fr
Page 63 and 64:
5.8 Type VII The only example of a
Page 65 and 66:
6.1 Pontic Interactions When the ge
Page 67 and 68:
39). Yenihayat is not a formaly exc
Page 69 and 70:
A shaft-hole axe hammer; a mace hea
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of such a dagger in the Central Ana
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daggers were, without a question, e
Page 75 and 76:
Some of the Yenihayat daggers’ mi
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egional variance in the production
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No.71-71), without an illustration,
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Black Sea region. It is not a contr
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lades have wide midrib; sloping sho
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With the advancement of archaeometa
Page 87 and 88:
Similarly, there are cultural conne
Page 89 and 90:
Another benefit of experimental arc
Page 91 and 92:
-----. 1984. “Metal Objects from
Page 93 and 94:
Lloyd, Seton, Howard Frederick, and
Page 95 and 96:
Reade, J. 2001. “Assyrian King-Li
Page 97 and 98:
Yalçın, Ü. 2010. “ Alacahöyü
Page 104 and 105:
Fig. 1 APPENDIX C FIGURES 96
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. Fig. 22 Fig. 26 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 F
Page 108 and 109:
11. Stronach 1957:93, fig. 2/7. 12.
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Type IId Type II b Cat. No: 4 Cat.
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Type I f1 Type I F2 Cat. No: 7 Fune
Page 114 and 115:
Çadır Höyük Type I c Cat. No: 1
Page 116 and 117:
Type I c Type IV a1 Type IVb Cat. N
Page 118 and 119:
Type II a1 Cat. No: 24 Kalınkaya n
Page 120 and 121:
POLATLI: Ankara province. Type II c
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YAZILIKAYA: Afyon province. Type I
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Type V b Type II a2 Type II a1 Cat.
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Type I c2 Type ? Type III a Cat. No
Page 128:
Type I a Cat. No: 47 Sadberk Hanım
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EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS IN CENTRAL ... - Bilkent University

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