EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS IN CENTRAL ... - Bilkent University

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XXIII through XXXI represented the Middle and Late Bronze Age Hittite period (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 21). Phase I and Phase II are separated in level XI by the sudden disappearance of what is called “local ware”. Unlike what the name suggests, however, “local ware” in Polatlı was also recovered in Karaoğlan, Etiyokuşu and elsewhere, including Alaca Höyük and Alişar I (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 55). The closest parallels, however, come from Ahlatlıbel (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 55). In the later levels of Phase I, the firing techniques advances and the percentage of the black, coarse sherds become rare and the proportion of the burnished wares rises considerably (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 45). The “depas amphikypellon” from the later levels of Phase I is the earliest wheel made vessel known from Polatlı (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 46). As depata are known from many other sites, including Troy, they play a major role in assigning dates for the levels which they were found in. Exact parallels of the depata found in Polatlı occur in EBA Troy II and III, and therefore the date for the Phase I is correlated to those phases in Troy (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 56). The transition from the Phase I to Phase II is marked by two types of pottery. The first of these is the “multiple-crossed bowl”. The particular feature of these red painted vessels is the ornamentation of the interior with radiating lines, rather than decorating the exterior of the vessel. The second type of pottery is black burnished ware which has incisions filled with white paint. Curiously, one of the vessels found in the earliest levels of Phase II had the white paste filled incisions as a decoration in the interior of the vessel (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 46). 34
Phase III in Polatlı is characterized by the appearance of what is called “Cappadocian ware” which we are also familiar with from many other sites in Central Anatolia, such as Alişar and Kültepe. Another familiar Central Anatolian pottery type found in Phase III in Polatlı is the “teapot spout” (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 48). The famous beak-spouted type of vessels appears for the first time in the final levels of Phase III and continues into Phase IV (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 49). The final EBA levels in Polatlı belong to the Phase III and are dated to the very end of the third millennium and the beginning of the second millennium. As in many other Central Anatolian sites, it is characterized by the appearance of the painted “Cappadocian ware” and finalized by the appearance of “Alişar II” type which are dated to the time of the Kültepe Tablets (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 54). Last of all, the metal objects from Polatlı deserve mentioning. Although the majority of the well preserved metal objects come from the quarry operations conducted by the villagers, they were assigned to the EBA levels by the excavators. It is most likely that some or all of them are belongs to a tomb group (Lloyd-Gökçe, 1951: 60). Resuloğlu The EBA Resuloğlu cemetery and related settlement are located 900 meters of northwest the modern village of Resuloğlu in Uğurludağ district in Çorum (Yıldırım, 2010: 12). The cemetery of Resuloğlu was first discovered during a survey in 1998 and the excavations started under the direction of Tayfun Yıldırım in 2003 (Yıldırım, 35
Page 1 and 2: EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS IN CENTRAL
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS I
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I am
Page 7 and 8: 3.5 Chronological Labels………
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The beginnin
Page 11 and 12: Western Europe which covers a time
Page 13 and 14: There are a limited number of excav
Page 15 and 16: chronology shows the existence of w
Page 17 and 18: 2.1 Definition Nevertheless, a simp
Page 19 and 20: It should be accepted, at least the
Page 21 and 22: 3.1 Chronological Limits of Early B
Page 23 and 24: accepted as belonging to the second
Page 25 and 26: If this is taken as a starting poin
Page 27 and 28: The majority of the dagger finds in
Page 29 and 30: 4.2 The Key Sites in Central Anatol
Page 31 and 32: evidence cannot be taken as a defin
Page 33 and 34: dated to the second half of the thi
Page 35 and 36: Hans Henning Von der Osten suggeste
Page 37 and 38: Depata with red cross decoration fi
Page 39 and 40: intentionally mutilating metal vess
Page 41: elations between Kültepe and Troy.
Page 45 and 46: place. This is most obvious by the
Page 47 and 48: destroyed in Anatolia and none of t
Page 49 and 50: of Yazır Höyük, Demirci Höyük
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER V CENTRAL ANATOLIAN DAGGER
Page 53 and 54: and Önder Bilgi (1989), does not c
Page 55 and 56: Type Ic1 A dagger from the Ankara C
Page 57 and 58: has a wooden core wrapped in electr
Page 59 and 60: Type IId The flat midrib’s edges
Page 61 and 62: and Type IVb (Cat. No: 20), come fr
Page 63 and 64: 5.8 Type VII The only example of a
Page 65 and 66: 6.1 Pontic Interactions When the ge
Page 67 and 68: 39). Yenihayat is not a formaly exc
Page 69 and 70: A shaft-hole axe hammer; a mace hea
Page 71 and 72: of such a dagger in the Central Ana
Page 73 and 74: daggers were, without a question, e
Page 75 and 76: Some of the Yenihayat daggers’ mi
Page 77 and 78: egional variance in the production
Page 79 and 80: No.71-71), without an illustration,
Page 81 and 82: Black Sea region. It is not a contr
Page 83 and 84: lades have wide midrib; sloping sho
Page 85 and 86: With the advancement of archaeometa
Page 87 and 88: Similarly, there are cultural conne
Page 89 and 90: Another benefit of experimental arc
Page 91 and 92: -----. 1984. “Metal Objects from
Page 93 and 94:
Lloyd, Seton, Howard Frederick, and
Page 95 and 96:
Reade, J. 2001. “Assyrian King-Li
Page 97 and 98:
Yalçın, Ü. 2010. “ Alacahöyü
Page 104 and 105:
Fig. 1 APPENDIX C FIGURES 96
Page 106 and 107:
. Fig. 22 Fig. 26 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 F
Page 108 and 109:
11. Stronach 1957:93, fig. 2/7. 12.
Page 110 and 111:
Type IId Type II b Cat. No: 4 Cat.
Page 112 and 113:
Type I f1 Type I F2 Cat. No: 7 Fune
Page 114 and 115:
Çadır Höyük Type I c Cat. No: 1
Page 116 and 117:
Type I c Type IV a1 Type IVb Cat. N
Page 118 and 119:
Type II a1 Cat. No: 24 Kalınkaya n
Page 120 and 121:
POLATLI: Ankara province. Type II c
Page 122 and 123:
YAZILIKAYA: Afyon province. Type I
Page 124 and 125:
Type V b Type II a2 Type II a1 Cat.
Page 126 and 127:
Type I c2 Type ? Type III a Cat. No
Page 128:
Type I a Cat. No: 47 Sadberk Hanım
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EARLY BRONZE AGE DAGGERS IN CENTRAL ... - Bilkent University

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