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Kim, B.G. and Shuler, M.L. (1990a), A stmctured, egregated mode1 for genetically modined Escherichia coli cek and its use for prediction of plamiid stability, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 36.58 1-592. EGm, B.G. and Shuler, M.L. (1 WOb), Analysis of pBR322 replication kinetics and its dependency on growth rate, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 36,204242- Kingsman. A.J., Clarke, L.. Mortimer, RK.. and Carbon. J. (1979), Replication in S. cerevisiae of plasmid pBR 313 carrying DNA from the yeast TRPl region, Gew. 7. 141- Neinman, M.J., Gingold, E.B., and Stanbury, P.F. (1987), The stability of yeast plasmid pJDB 248 depends on growth rate of the culture, Biotechnol. Lm., 8.225-230. Kumar. P.K.R. and Schugerl, K. (1990). Immobilization of genetically engineered ceîls: a new strategy for higher stability, J. Biotechml., 14,255-272. Kuriyama, M., Morita, S., Asakawa, N., Nakatsu, M., and Kitano, K.(1992), Stabiiization of a recombinant plasmid in yeast, J. Fennent. Bioeng., 74(3). 139-144. Kuu, W.Y., and Polack, I.A. (1983), improving imrnobilized biocatalysts by gel phase polymerization, Biotechnol Bioeng., 25, 1995.
Laffend. L. A. and Shuler, M.L. (1994). Struchind mode1 of genetic control via the lac promoter in EscheMtïa coli, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 43,39940. Lam ptey . 1. ( 1 983). Production of ethaml in a imbiIized-yeast-packed-bed reactor. Ph. D. Thesis. Dept of Chem Eng.. Univasity of Waterloo. Laplace. LM.. Delgenec, J.P., Moletta, R.. and Navano, J.M. (1991). Alcohol fermentation of glucose and xylose by pichia stipinis, Candi& shehafae, Succharomyces cerevisiae and Zymonwnar mobilis: oxygen requirement as a key factor. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 36, 158- 1 62 Lee. F-J. S. and Hassan, H.M. (1987). Effect of oxygen tension on stabiity and expression of a Mer toxin chimeric plasrnid in a chemostat culture of S. cerevisiae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 27,72-74. Lee. F-J. S. and Hassan. H.M. (1988). Stability and expression of a plasrnid-containing Wer toxin cDNA in batch and chemostat cultures of S. cerevisiae? Biotechnol. Bioeng.. 3 1.783-789. Lee, S.B. and Bailey. LE. (1984). Analysis of growth rate eff~ts on productivity O recombinant E. coli populations using molecular maihanism rnodels, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26,66-73.
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BIOREACTOR STUDIES OF HETEROLOGOUS
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nie University of Waterloo requin%
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ate depended on activities of the p
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Acknowiedgments Fmt of aü, 1 am ve
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2.6. Concluding Rernarks ..........
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5.3.3. Simlilated Results for Prese
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Table 1.1. Table 1.2. Table 1.3. Ta
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Figure 2.1. Figure 3.1. Figure 3.2.
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during Continuous Culture in Airlif
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Figure 5.3. Comparison between Mode
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Cell Systern at Glucose Feed Concen
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a .......... growth ratio (dimensio
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Y, ... ethanol yield for fermentati
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foreign plasmids. One major chalien
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than the denanired, inclusion body
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Table 1.2. Strategies for Enhancing
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Table 1.3. Host Cek, Pfasmids, Gene
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1.4. Immo bilized-Cell Bioreactors
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1. Study the gmwth characteristics,
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plasmid are used; or chromaromal DN
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2.2.1. Genetic Factors 2.2.1.1. Pid
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1- fkquently than a plasmid with Io
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Da Silva and Bailey (1991) used the
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LEU2 or TRPI is cloned into the aux
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eported reduced stabiliity in the s
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on metabolic pathways. In the ferme
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OC), oniy about 35% of the populati
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loss @) is dehned as the probabilit
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+ s Dilution Rate = p' = CI,- - K*+
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concentration couid Iead to coexist
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that factors other than immobiiizat
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earing and plasmid-tke =Ils. Gel be
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productivity irrespective of the mo
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inactive and useless. The problern
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Aerobic fermentation osing iamnobih
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(ranghg h m 1 to 7) on citric acid
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celi fraction decreases monotonicai
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(1987) model aliows for plasmid ins
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affect plasmid stability have ben o
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CEtAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.
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stiU deleted hm the plasmid. Such p
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1) Reagent solution preparation was
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nonse1ective agar plates, but only
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working Liquid volume. The aeration
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3.5. UNnobilized Ceil Culture 35.1.
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3.52 Cd Lmmobiiization Yeast attach
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3.6. Experimental Error and Reprodu
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-0-Cell(1) +Total CeII (2) 4- Ethan
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* . I I a O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Batche
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Cell Maso, Glucose and EthanoI(g1L)
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4.2.2. Batch CuIture in Stirreà-Ta
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[t ~lucoamylase (ALR) -e Glucoamyla
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The finai giucoamyiase concentratio
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Bentley and Kompala, 1989; Satyagal
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160 First ExponenUaI Phase 1 -c ALR
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Figure 4hl. Pathways of Yeast Intem
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fermentation (using nitrogen spargi
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43. Continuous Suspension Culture C
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Figure 4.9. Continuous Suspension C
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1 +Enzyme +Fradlan of PBC +CeIl Mas
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Figures 4.12 and 4.13 show that by
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Fi- 4.13. Cornparison of Glu~iase C
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where 6 = p- - p' + pp*, which is a
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Figure 4-14. Effeds of Dilution Rat
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Impoolsup et ai. (1989a) and Hardji
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Figure 4.16. dB/dt versus B Plots a
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Figure 4.17. Totai Cell Mas at Diff
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another recombinant yeast (impoolsu
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other recombinant yeast under nonse
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4.3.4. Effixt of Dilution Rate On R
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Figure 4.18- Etlects of Mluiioa Rat
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Number of Generations - - - - - - *
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B Table 4.5. Metabolic Pathway Anal
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concentration. But this may be more
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[+ Enzyme (ALR) + Enzyme (STR) +Fra
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necessary for host ce& to grow in t
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Glucoamylase ConcentraUon (unltsll)
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[a Selective Medium A Nonseiective
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5.1 Introduction CHAPTER 5 MODELING
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handle. excess glucose is femented
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The carbon fluxes h m the three met
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53. Modei Simulation in Batch CuItu
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Table 5.1. Summary of Parameters fo
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1 n Glucose o Cell Mass O Ethano1 A
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detennined in the cunent study, the
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Figure 5.4. Cornparison between Mod
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equations are üsted in Appendix G.
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a dilution rate at which the giucoa
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[ o Expetfmental data -Simuiated mt
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The effixts of dilution rate on the
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Ttme (hrs) 1 a Enzyme A Phsrnid-Bea
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It may take several generations for
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understanding of the nature of the
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On the other hand. the net accumula
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Differentiating Equation (6.20) res
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Enyme collcentration m the t>ioreac
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Glucoamylase Concentration (units/L
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50 100 150 200 Time (hrs) 1 O Free
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F i 6.6. Cornparison of Fnx Cd Mars
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. - O 50 100 150 200 250 nme (hrs)
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Nasi et ai.. 1988) and recombinant
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estimated by using Equation (6.24)
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[a lmmobilked System O Free System
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oxidation pathway. W~th increasing
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O 50 100 150 200 250 300 Tirne (hrs
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epeated batch fermentations, the fe
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Glucoamylase Concentration (unitslL
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6) Suitable for repeated-batch and
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ecause glucose fermentation dominat
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cells. Tests of the proposed model
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7.2. Recommendations The foUowing f
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APPENDIX A: PLASMID MAP FOR pGAC9 l
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where Bi (Biot number) = - ks De @
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APPENDK C. EFFECTS OF INITIAL GLUCO
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Figure C.2. Effect of Initial Gluco
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Figure C.4 Effect of Initial Glucos
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APPENDLX D. COMPARISON OF ORIGINAL
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(continue)
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Page 240 and 241: (continue)
Page 242 and 243: E.2. Batch Fermentation with Recomb
Page 246 and 247: (continue) tfhJ 0.5 10.5 12.75 12.5
Page 250 and 251: E.3.2. Experimental Data (Parker an
Page 252 and 253: Run No: CALE (Selected Strain. D =
Page 254 and 255: Run No: CALR 5 (Original Suain, D =
Page 256 and 257: Run No: CSTR3 (Selected Suain, D =
Page 260 and 261: Run No: CICR2 (Selected Suain, D =
Page 262 and 263: Run No: CiCR4 (Selected Suain, D =
Page 264 and 265: Eh. Repeated Batch Culture in hmobi
Page 266 and 267: APPENDIX F. C CODE FOR THE PROPOSED
Page 268 and 269: * the initial data */ /* gening the
Page 270 and 271: * getting the founh term in R-K met
Page 272 and 273: I*Plasrnid-bearing ceU concentratio
Page 274 and 275: * Func tion C 1 */ îloat C l(float
Page 276 and 277: APPEMIM G. EXAMPLES OF MAPLE V CODE
Page 278 and 279: REFERENCES Ataai. MM. and Shuler. M
Page 280 and 281: Caunt, P.. hpoolsup, A.. and Greenf
Page 282 and 283: cuitanes of E. coli BZ18@TG 201) wi
Page 284 and 285: Gabrieisen. O.S. et aL (1990), Effi
Page 286 and 287: Huang, C-T., Peretti, S.W., and Bry
Page 290 and 291: Lee, S.B.. Ryu, D.D.Y., seigel, R,
Page 292 and 293: Nasri, M., Sayadi. S.. Barbotin, J.
Page 294 and 295: Pin, S.J. and Kmwski. W.M. (1970),
Page 296 and 297: Seo, I-H. and Bailey. J.E. (1985).
Page 298 and 299: Tumer. B.G., Avgerinos G-C.? Melnic
Page 300: Yu, J. and Tang, X (Editor, 1991),
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